different between gull vs rook

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: g?l, IPA^(key): /???l/
• Rhymes: -?l

Etymology 1

From Middle English gulle, from Brythonic, from Proto-Celtic *w?lann? (“seagull”). Cognate with Cornish guilan, Welsh gwylan, Breton gouelan, Old Irish faílenn.

Noun

gull (plural gulls)

1. A seabird of the genus Larus or of the family Laridae.
2. Any of various pierid butterflies of the genus Cepora.

Synonyms

• (seabird): mew, seamew, seagull

Derived terms

• Audouin's gull (Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus)
• black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus)
• Bonaparte's gull (Chroicocephalus philadelphia)
• Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans)
• common gull (Larus canus)
• Dominican gull (Larus dominicanus)
• flood gull (Rynchops nigra)
• Franklin's gull (Leucophaeus pipixcan)
• glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus)
• great black-backed gull (Larus marinus)
• gull-billed tern (Gelochelidon nilotica)
• gull chaser (Stercorarius pomarius)
• gullfeed (Scaevola plumieri)
• herring gull (Larus spp.)
• Iceland gull (Larus glaucoides)
• ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea)
• kelp gull (Larus dominicanus)
• lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus)
• land gull (Larus marinus)
• laughing gull (Xema ridibundus, Leucophaeus atricilla)
• little gull (Larus minutus)
• Mediterranean gull (Ichthyaetus melanocephalus)
• mew gull (Larus canus)
• Pacific gull (Larus pacificus)
• Pallas's gull (Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus)
• red-billed gull (Chroicocephalus scopulinus)
• ring-billed gull (Larus delawarensis)
• Ross's gull (Rhodostethia rosea)
• Sabine's gull (Xema sabini)
• seagull (Laridae spp.)
• silver gull (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae)
• slaty-backed gull (Larus schistisagus)
• slender-billed gull (Chroicocephalus genei)
• white-eyed gull (Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus)
• yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis)

Translations

Etymology 2

Perhaps from an obsolete term gull (“swallow”).

Noun

gull (plural gulls)

1. (slang) A cheating trick; a fraud.
   • 1599, William Shakespeare, Much Ado About Nothing, Act 2 Scene 3

     BENEDICK. [Aside] I should think this a gull, but that the white-bearded fellow speaks it: knavery cannot, sure, hide itself in such reverence.

2. One easily cheated; a dupe.
3. (obsolete, Oxford University slang) A swindler or trickster.

Synonyms

• (dupe): See also Thesaurus:dupe
• (swindler): See also Thesaurus:fraudster

Verb

gull (third-person singular simple present gulls, present participle gulling, simple past and past participle gulled)

1. To deceive or cheat.
   • 1610, Ben Jonson, The Alchemist

     O, but to ha' gulled him / Had been a mastery.

   • 1660, John Dryden, Astraea Redux

     The vulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed.

   • c. 1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Wallenstein

     I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service.

   • 1819, John Keats, Otho the Great, Act IV, Scene I, verse 162-165

     […] speak your curses out

     Against me, who would sooner crush and grind

     A brace of toads, than league with them to oppress

     An innocent lady, gull an Emperor […]
2. (US, slang) To mislead.
3. (US, slang) To trick and defraud.

Synonyms

• (to deceive): See also Thesaurus:deceive

Derived terms

• gullcatcher
• gullible
• gullibility

Translations

References

Further reading

• gull on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Larus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse gull, from Proto-Germanic *gulþ?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?tl/

Noun

gull n (genitive singular guls, uncountable)

1. gold
2. (in proverbs) richness, money, livestock
3. gold medal, first place (sports, etc.)

Declension

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse gull (“gold”), from Proto-Germanic *gulþ?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?tl/
• Rhymes: -?tl

Noun

gull n (genitive singular gulls, nominative plural gull)

1. (uncountable) gold (chemical element)
2. (countable) a cherished thing
3. (countable) a gold medal or prize

Declension

Derived terms

• ekki er allt gull sem glóir
• glópagull
• gull af manni
• morgunstund gefur gull í mund

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse gull, from Proto-Germanic *gulþ?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??l?/

Noun

gull n (definite singular gullet, uncountable)

1. gold

Derived terms

Related terms

• forgylle, forgylt

References

• “gull” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse gull and goll, from Proto-Germanic *gulþ?. Akin to English gold.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??l?/

Noun

gull n (definite singular gullet, uncountable)

1. gold

Derived terms

References

• “gull” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Alternative forms

• goll

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gulþ? (“gold”). Cognate with Old English gold, Old Frisian gold, Old Saxon gold, Old Dutch golt, Old High German gold, Gothic ???????????????? (gulþ). See also Finnish kulta. Ultimately from Pre-Germanic *??l?tóm (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *??elh?- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”).

Pronunciation

• (12th century Icelandic) IPA^(key): /??ul?/

Noun

gull n (genitive gulls, plural gull)

1. (uncountable, singular only) gold
   • Laurentius saga 65, in 1858, Jón_Sigurðsson, Guðbrandur_Vigfússon, Biskupa sögur, Volume I. Copenhagen, page 877:

     Vér viljum ok gefa þér gull vort, […]

     We also want to give you our gold, […]

2. (countable) a jewel, thing of value, especially a finger-ring
   • Stjórn 78, in 1862, C. R. Unger, Stjórn: gammelnorsk Bibelhistorie: fra Verdens Skabelse til det babyloniske Fangenskab. Christiania, page 254:

     Enn þegar sem hon bar þetta gull, […]

     But when she wore that ring, […]

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

References

• gull in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• gull in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
• gull in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Swedish

Alternative forms

• guld (modern form)

Etymology

From Old Norse gull, from Proto-Germanic *gulþ?.

Noun

gull n

1. (poetic, archaic) gold

   Har du silver har du gull, / har du kistorna full?

   Do you have silver and gold, / are your treasure chests full? (song lyrics)

   Wilt thw wara tik sielffuir hull, / tw älska friiheet meer än gull (Old Swedish, poem by bishop Tomas, 1439)

   Vill du vara dig själver huld, / du älska frihet mer än guld (translated to standard Swedish)

   If you want to help yourself, you should love freedom more than gold

2. (colloquial) baby, darling, someone dear and cute (gullig), someone to cuddle (gulla med)

   mina små gull

   my little darlings

   Kom nu gullet, det är finfint väder ute

   Come on baby, it's a perfect sunny day

Usage notes

• The form gull is archaic or poetic outside compound words and fixed expressions, where it has taken the sense of beloved or favorable as in gullgosse (“golden boy”), gullegris (“darling, pet”), gullunge (“beloved child”), etc.

Declension

Westrobothnian

Etymology

From Old Norse gull, goll, from Proto-Germanic *gulþ?.

Noun

gull n (definite gullä)

1. (uncountable) gold

Derived terms

• gullfinger
• gullskre
• gulltypp
• gyllerfeinger

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??k/
• (sometimes in Northern England; otherwise obsolete) IPA^(key): /?u?k/
• Rhymes: -?k

Etymology 1

From Middle English rok, roke, from Old English hr?c, from Proto-West Germanic *hr?k, from Proto-Germanic *hr?kaz (compare Old Norse hrókr, Saterland Frisian Rouk, Dutch roek, obsolete German Ruch), from Proto-Indo-European *kerk- (“crow, raven”) (compare Old Irish cerc (“hen”), Old Prussian kerko (“loon, diver”), dialectal Bulgarian ??????? (krókon, “raven”), Ancient Greek ????? (kórax, “crow”), Old Armenian ????? (ag?aw), Avestan ????????????????????????????????????? (kahrkatat?, “rooster”), Sanskrit ???? (k?kara, “rooster”)), Ukrainian ???? (kruk, “raven”).

Noun

rook (countable and uncountable, plural rooks)

1. A European bird, Corvus frugilegus, of the crow family.
   • 1768, Thomas Pennant, British Zoology, 168:

     But what distinguishes the rook from the crow is the bill; the nostrils, chin, and sides of that and the mouth being in old birds white and bared of feathers, by often thrusting the bill into the ground in search of the erucæ of the Dor-beetle*; the rook then, instead of being proscribed, should be treated as the farmer's friend; as it clears his ground from caterpillars, that do incredible damage by eating the roots of the corn.

2. A cheat or swindler; someone who betrays.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:deceiver, Thesaurus:fraudster

   • 7 April 1705, William Wycherley, Letter to Alexander Pope in The Works of Alexander Pope 36:

     So I am (like an old rook, who is ruined by gaming) forced to live on the good fortune of the pushing young men, whose fancies are so vigorous that they ensure their success in their adventures with Muses, by their strength and imagination.

3. A bad deal; a rip-off.
4. (Britain) A type of firecracker used by farmers to scare birds of the same name.
5. (uncountable) A trick-taking game, usually played with a specialized deck of cards.
   • 2007, Malcolm Bull and Keith Lockhart, Seeking a Sanctuary: Seventh-day Adventism and the American Dream, 174:

     Adventists still do not really know how to play cards, apart from the sanitized version of bridge, Rook.

Derived terms

• rookery

Translations

See also

• squab

Verb

rook (third-person singular simple present rooks, present participle rooking, simple past and past participle rooked)

1. (transitive) To cheat or swindle.
   • 1974, GB Edwards, The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, New York 2007, p. 311:

     Some had spent a week in Jersey before coming to Guernsey; and, from what Paddy had heard, they really do know how to rook the visitors over there.

Synonyms

• (cheat, swindle): cheat, con, do, dupe, have, swindle

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English rook, roke, rok, from Old French roc, ultimately from Persian ??? (rox), from Middle Persian lhw' (rox, “rook, castle (chess)”), possibly from Sanskrit ?? (ratha, “chariot”). Compare roc.

Noun

rook (plural rooks)

1. (chess) A piece shaped like a castle tower, that can be moved only up, down, left or right (but not diagonally) or in castling.
2. (rare) A castle or other fortification.

Synonyms

• (chesspiece): castle
• (castle): castle, fortress

Translations

See also

Etymology 3

From rookie.

Noun

rook (plural rooks)

1. (baseball, slang) A rookie.

Etymology 4

From Middle English roke, rock, rok (“mist; vapour; drizzle; smoke; fumes”), from Old Norse *rauk, related to Icelandic rok, roka (“whirlwind; seafoam; seaspray”), Middle Dutch rooc, rok, Modern Dutch rook (“smoke; fog”).

Noun

rook (uncountable)

1. mist; fog; roke

Etymology 5

Verb

rook (third-person singular simple present rooks, present participle rooking, simple past and past participle rooked)

1. (obsolete) To squat; to ruck.

Etymology 6

Verb

rook (third-person singular simple present rooks, present participle rooking, simple past and past participle rooked)

1. Pronunciation spelling of look.

References

Anagrams

• Koro, Kroo, koro, kroo, roko

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r???k/

Etymology 1

From Dutch rook (“smoke”), from Middle Dutch rôoc, from Old Dutch *r?k, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz.

Noun

rook (uncountable)

1. smoke

Derived terms

• rookwolk

Etymology 2

From Dutch roken (“to smoke”).

Verb

rook (present rook, present participle rokende, past participle gerook)

1. (intransitive, transitive) to smoke (a tobacco product or surrogate)

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ro?k/
• Hyphenation: rook
• Rhymes: -o?k

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch rôoc, from Old Dutch *r?k, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz.

Noun

rook m (uncountable)

1. smoke

Derived terms

• roken
• rookontwikkeling
• rooksignaal
• rookwolk

Descendants

• Afrikaans: rook

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

rook

1. first-person singular present indicative of roken
2. imperative of roken

Verb

rook

1. singular past indicative of ruiken
2. singular past indicative of rieken

Anagrams

• koor