different between group vs shock

English

Alternative forms

• groop (non-standard)
• groupe (obsolete)

Etymology

From French groupe (“cluster, group”), from Italian gruppo, groppo (“a knot, heap, group, bag (of money)”), from Vulgar Latin *cruppo, Renaissance Latin grupus, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“lump, round mass, body, crop”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to crumple, bend, crawl”). Cognate with German Kropf (“crop, craw, bunch”), Old English cropp, croppa (“cluster, bunch, sprout, flower, berry, ear of corn, crop”), Dutch krop (“craw”), Icelandic kroppr (“hump, bunch”). Doublet of crop and croup.

Pronunciation

• enPR: gro?op, IPA^(key): /??u?p/
• Rhymes: -u?p

Noun

group (plural groups)

1. A number of things or persons being in some relation to one another.

2. (group theory) A set with an associative binary operation, under which there exists an identity element, and such that each element has an inverse.
   • 1977, Roger C. Lyndon, Paul E. Schupp, Combinatorial Group Theory, Springer, page 192,

     Throughout this section, we shall assume the existence of finitely presented groups with unsolvable word problem.

   • 1992, Svetlana Katok, Fuchsian Groups, University of Chicago Press, page 112,

     In this chapter we give some examples of Fuchsian groups. The most interesting and important ones are the so-called "arithmetic" Fuchsian groups, i.e., discrete subgroups of PSL(2,R) obtained by some "arithmetic" operations. One such construction we have already seen: if we choose all matrices of SL(2,R) with integer coefficients, then the corresponding elements of PSL(2,R) form the modular group PSL(2,Z).

   • 2007, Zhong-Qi Ma, Group Theory for Physicists, World Scientific, page 277,

     In Chap. 4 the fundamental concepts on Lie groups have been introduced through the SO(3) group and its covering group SU(2).

3. (geometry, archaic) An effective divisor on a curve.
4. A (usually small) group of people who perform music together.

5. (astronomy) A small number (up to about fifty) of galaxies that are near each other.
6. (chemistry) A column in the periodic table of chemical elements.
7. (chemistry) A functional group.

8. (sociology) A subset of a culture or of a society.
9. (military) An air force formation.
10. (geology) A collection of formations or rock strata.
11. (computing) A number of users with same rights with respect to accession, modification, and execution of files, computers and peripherals.
12. An element of an espresso machine from which hot water pours into the portafilter.
13. (music) A number of eighth, sixteenth, etc., notes joined at the stems; sometimes rather indefinitely applied to any ornament made up of a few short notes.
14. (sports) A set of teams playing each other in the same division, while not during the same period playing any teams that belong to other sets in the division.
15. (business) A commercial organization.

Synonyms

• (number of things or persons being in some relation to each other): collection, set
• (people who perform music together): band, ensemble
• See also Thesaurus:group

Hypernyms

• (in group theory): monoid

Hyponyms

Derived terms

• subgroup

Related terms

Descendants

• ? Gulf Arabic: ?????
• ? Japanese: ???? (gur?pu)
• ? Korean: ?? (geurup)
• ? Tongan: kulupu

Translations

References

• group on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Verb

group (third-person singular simple present groups, present participle grouping, simple past and past participle grouped)

1. (transitive) To put together to form a group.

   group the dogs by hair colour

2. (intransitive) To come together to form a group.

Synonyms

• (put together to form a group): amass, categorise/categorize, classify, collect, collect up, gather, gather together, gather up; see also Thesaurus:round up
• (come together to form a group): assemble, begather, foregather, throng; see also Thesaurus:assemble

Translations

Further reading

• group in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• group in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

English

Alternative forms

• choque (obsolete)

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /??k/
• (US) IPA^(key): /??k/
• Rhymes: -?k, -?k

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch schokken (“to push, jolt, shake, jerk”) or Middle French choquer (“to collide with, clash”), from Old Dutch *skokkan (“to shake up and down, shog”), from Proto-Germanic *skukkan? (“to move, shake, tremble”). Of uncertain origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *skakan? (“to shake, stir”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kAg'-, *(s)keg- (“to shake, stir”); see shake. Cognate with Middle Low German schocken (“collide with, deliver a blow to, move back and forth”), Old High German scoc (“a jolt, swing”), Middle High German schocken (“to swing”) (German schaukeln), Old Norse skykkr (“vibration, surging motion”), Icelandic skykkjun (“tremulously”), Middle English schiggen (“to shake”). More at shog.

Noun

shock (countable and uncountable, plural shocks)

1. A sudden, heavy impact.
   1. (figuratively) Something so surprising that it is stunning.
   2. A sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance.
   3. (medicine) Electric shock, a sudden burst of electrical energy hitting a person or animal.
   4. (medicine) Circulatory shock, a medical emergency characterized by the inability of the circulatory system to supply enough oxygen to meet tissue requirements.
   5. (physics) A shock wave.

2. (mathematics) A discontinuity arising in the solution of a partial differential equation.

Synonyms

See Thesaurus:surprise

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ???? (shokku)
• ? Korean: ?? (syokeu)

Translations

Verb

shock (third-person singular simple present shocks, present participle shocking, simple past and past participle shocked)

1. (transitive) To cause to be emotionally shocked, to cause (someone) to feel surprised and upset.

2. (transitive) To give an electric shock to.
3. (obsolete, intransitive) To meet with a shock; to collide in a violent encounter.
   • 1832, Thomas De Quincey, Klosterheim Or, the Masque

     They saw the moment approach when the two parties would shock together.

Translations

References

• John A. Simpson and Edward S. C. Weiner, editors (1989) , “shock”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ?ISBN

Etymology 2

Variant of shag.

Noun

shock (plural shocks)

1. An arrangement of sheaves for drying; a stook.
   • 1557, Thomas Tusser, Five Hundred Points of Good Husbandry

     Cause it on shocks to be by and by set.

   • Behind the master walks, builds up the shocks.

2. (commerce, dated) A lot consisting of sixty pieces; a term applied in some Baltic ports to loose goods.
3. (by extension) A tuft or bunch of something, such as hair or grass.

   His head boasted a shock of sandy hair.

4. (obsolete) A small dog with long shaggy hair, especially a poodle or spitz; a shaggy lapdog.
   • 1827 Thomas Carlyle, The Fair-Haired Eckbert

     When I read of witty persons, I could not figure them but like the little shock. (translating the German Spitz)

Verb

shock (third-person singular simple present shocks, present participle shocking, simple past and past participle shocked)

1. (transitive) To collect, or make up, into a shock or shocks; to stook.

Anagrams

• Kosch, hocks

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from English shock.

Noun

shock m (invariable)

1. shock (medical; violent or unexpected event)

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English shock.

Noun

shock m (plural shocks)

1. shock

Derived terms