different between gross vs sum
gross
English
Etymology
From Middle English gross (“whole, entire; flagrant, monstrous”), from Old French gros (“big, thick, large, stout”), from Late Latin grossus (“thick in diameter, coarse”), and Medieval Latin grossus (“great, big”), influenced by Old High German gr?z (“big, thick, coarse”), from Proto-Germanic *grautaz (“large, great, thick, coarse grained, unrefined”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?er- (“to rub, to stroke, to grind”). Cognate with French grossier (“gross”). See also French dialectal grôt, groût (“large”) (Berry) and grô (“large”) (Burgundy), Catalan gros (“big”), Dutch groot (“big, large”), German groß (“large”), English great. More at great.
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /????s/
- (US) IPA(key): /??o?s/
- Homophone: Gross
- Rhymes: -??s
Adjective
gross (comparative grosser or more gross, superlative grossest or most gross)
- (of behaviour considered to be wrong) Highly or conspicuously offensive.
- Synonyms: serious, flagrant, shameful, appalling, egregious.
- c. 1595, William Shakespeare, Richard II, Act II, Scene 3,[1]
- Henry IV. My gracious uncle, let me know my fault:
- On what condition stands it and wherein?
- Edmund of Langley. Even in condition of the worst degree,
- In gross rebellion and detested treason:
- 1682, Aphra Behn, The City-Heiress, London: D. Brown et al., Act IV, Scene 1, p. 40,[2]
- Your very faults, how gross soere, to me
- Have something pleasing in ’em.
- 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Dublin: John Smith, Volume 3, Book 18, Chapter 10, p. 336,[3]
- […] I thank Heaven I have had Time to reflect on my past Life, where though I cannot charge myself with any gross Villainy, yet I can discern Follies and Vices too sufficient to repent and to be ashamed of;
- 1813, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, Chapter 13,[4]
- […] had his actions been what Wickham represented them, so gross a violation of every thing right could hardly have been concealed from the world;
- 1908, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows, Chapter 6,[5]
- […] he has been found guilty, on the clearest evidence, first, of stealing a valuable motor-car; secondly, of driving to the public danger; and, thirdly, of gross impertinence to the rural police.
- (of an amount) Excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts.
- Synonyms: whole, entire, overall, total, aggregate
- Antonym: net
- c. 1597, William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part 2, Act II, Scene 1,[6]
- What is the gross sum that I owe thee?
- 1878, Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native, Book 6, Chapter 1,[7]
- For a man of his habits the house and the hundred and twenty pounds a year which he had inherited from his mother were enough to supply all worldly needs. Resources do not depend upon gross amounts, but upon the proportion of spendings to takings.
- 1937, George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier, Penguin, 1962, Part 1, Chapter 3, p. 37,[8]
- […] please notice that even these wretched earnings are gross earnings. On top of this there are all kinds of stoppages which are deducted from the miner’s wages every week.
- (sciences, pathology) Seen without a microscope (usually for a tissue or an organ); at a large scale; not detailed.
- Synonym: macroscopic
- Antonym: microscopic
- 1962, Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Chapter 12, p. 190,[9]
- We are accustomed to look for the gross and immediate effect and to ignore all else. Unless this appears promptly and in such obvious form that it cannot be ignored, we deny the existence of hazard.
- (slang, Canada, US) Causing disgust.
- Synonyms: gro, grody, grotty, disgusting, nasty, revolting, yucky
- 1978, Armistead Maupin, Tales of the City, New York: Harper & Row, 1989, “Ties That Bind,” p. 293,[10]
- Mary Ann spent her lunch hour at Hastings, picking out just the right tie for Norman. The hint might not be terribly subtle, she decided, but somebody had to do something about that gross, gravy-stained clip-on number.
- 2002, Jeffrey Eugenides, Middlesex, New York: Picador, Book 3, p. 306,[11]
- The next-door neighbor’s cat coughed up a hairball one day and the hair was not the cat’s. “That’s so gross!”
- Lacking refinement in behaviour or manner; offending a standard of morality.
- Synonyms: coarse, rude, vulgar, obscene, impure
- 1777, Richard Brinsley Sheridan, The School for Scandal, Act I, Scene 1, [12]
- Verjuice. She certainly has Talents.
- Lady Sneerwell. But her manner is gross.
- 1874: Dodsley et al., A Select Collection of Old English Plays
- But man to know God is a difficulty, except by a mean he himself inure, which is to know God’s creatures that be: at first them that be of the grossest nature, and then [...] them that be more pure.
- (of a product) Lacking refinement; not of high quality.
- Synonyms: coarse, rough, unrefined
- Antonym: fine
- 1860, John Ruskin, Modern Painters, Volume 5, Part 6, Chapter 10, § 5,[13]
- The flowers of Rubens are gross and rude […]
- 1944, Emily Carr, The House of All Sorts, “Lorenzo Was Registered,” [14]
- He scorned my wholesome kennel fare, toothing out dainties and leaving the grosser portions to be finished by the other dogs.
- (of a person) Heavy in proportion to one's height; having a lot of excess flesh.
- Synonyms: great, large, bulky, fat, obese
- 1925, W. Somerset Maugham, The Painted Veil, London: Heinemann, 1934, Chapter 79,[15]
- Kitty noticed that her sister’s pregnancy had blunted her features and in her black dress she looked gross and blousy.
- 2013, Hilary Mantel, ‘Royal Bodies’, London Review of Books, 35.IV:
- He collected a number of injuries that stopped him jousting, and then in middle age became stout, eventually gross.
- (archaic) Not sensitive in perception or feeling.
- Synonyms: dull, witless
- 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Matthew 13.15,[16]
- For this people’s heart is waxed gross, and their ears are dull of hearing, and their eyes they have closed; lest at any time they should see with their eyes and hear with their ears, and should understand with their heart, and should be converted, and I should heal them.
- 1634, John Milton, Comus, in Poems of Mr. John Milton, London: Humphrey Moseley, 1645, p. ,[17]
- A thousand liveried Angels lacky her [the chaste soul],
- Driving far off each thing of sin and guilt,
- And in cleer dream, and solemn vision
- Tell her of things that no gross ear can hear.
- (now chiefly poetic) Difficult or impossible to see through.
- Synonyms: thick, heavy
- 1594, Christopher Marlowe, Edward II, London: William Jones,[18]
- Couragious Lancaster, imbrace thy king,
- And as grosse vapours perish by the sunne,
- Euen so let hatred with thy soueraigne smile,
- 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Isaiah 60.2,[19]
- For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people: but the Lord shall arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.
- 1785, William Cowper, The Task, London: J. Johnson, Book 3, p. 116,[20]
- A pestilent and most corrosive steam,
- Like a gross fog Boeotian, rising fast,
- And fast condensed upon the dewy sash,
- Asks egress;
- 1870, James Russell Lowell, The Cathedral, Boston: Fields, Osgood, p. 34,[21]
- […] a larger life
- Upon his own impinging, with swift glimpse
- Of spacious circles luminous with mind,
- To which the ethereal substance of his own
- Seems but gross cloud to make that visible,
- Touched to a sudden glory round the edge.
- (obsolete) Easy to perceive.
- Synonyms: obvious, clear
- c. 1598, William Shakespeare, Henry V, Act II, Scene 2,[22]
- […] though the truth of it stands off as gross
- As black and white, my eye will scarcely see it.
Synonyms
- (heavy in proportion to one's height): See also Thesaurus:obese
Derived terms
- grossen
- grossish
- grossly
Translations
Noun
gross (countable and uncountable, plural gross or grosses)
- Twelve dozen = 144.
- The total nominal earnings or amount, before taxes, expenses, exceptions or similar are deducted. That which remains after all deductions is called net.
- The bulk, the mass, the masses.
Translations
Verb
gross (third-person singular simple present grosses, present participle grossing, simple past and past participle grossed)
- (transitive) To earn money, not including expenses.
- The movie grossed three million on the first weekend.
Derived terms
Related terms
- engross
- grocer, grocery, groceries
Anagrams
- Sgros, Sorgs
German
Adjective
gross (comparative grösser, superlative am grössten)
- Switzerland and Liechtenstein standard spelling of groß
Declension
Pennsylvania German
Etymology
From Old High German gr?z, from Proto-Germanic *grautaz. Compare German groß, Dutch groot, English great.
Adjective
gross (comparative greesser, superlative greescht)
- big, large
Derived terms
- Grossdaadi
- Grossmammi
Swedish
Etymology
From French grosse (douzaine), "large (dozen)"
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?r?s/
Noun
gross n
- a gross, twelve dozen (144)
Declension
Related terms
- grosshandlare
See also
- dussin
- tjog
Anagrams
- sorgs
gross From the web:
- = 144
- what gross income
- what gross pay
- what gross pay mean
- what gross domestic product
- what grosses katniss out
- what gross annual income
- what gross salary means
- what gross means
sum
English
Pronunciation
- (UK, US) enPR: s?m, IPA(key): /s?m/
- Rhymes: -?m
- Homophone: some
Etymology 1
From Middle English summe, from Old French summe, from Latin summa, feminine of summus (“highest”).
Noun
sum (plural sums)
- A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation.
- The sum of 3 and 4 is 7.
- (often plural) An arithmetic computation, especially one posed to a student as an exercise (not necessarily limited to addition).
- We're learning about division, and the sums are tricky.
- a large sheet of paper […] covered with long sums
- A quantity of money.
- a tidy sum
- the sum of forty pounds
- With a great sum obtained I this freedom.
- A summary; the principal points or thoughts when viewed together; the amount; the substance; compendium.
- This is the sum of all the evidence in the case.
- This is the sum and substance of his objections.
- A central idea or point; gist.
- The utmost degree.
- (obsolete) An old English measure of corn equal to the quarter.
- 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, page 207:
- The sum is also used for the quarter, and the strike for the bushel.
- 1882, James Edwin Thorold Rogers, A History of Agriculture and Prices in England, Volume 4, page 207:
Synonyms
- (quantity obtained by addition or aggregation): amount, sum total, summation, total, totality
- (arithmetic computation): calculation, computation
- (quantity of money): amount, quantity of money, sum of money
- (summary): See summary
- (central idea or point): center/centre, core, essence, gist, heart, heart and soul, inwardness, kernel, marrow, meat, nub, nitty-gritty, pith substance
- (utmost degree): See summit
- (obsolete: old English measure of corn): quarter
Hyponyms
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
See also
- addition, summation: (augend) + (addend) = (summand) + (summand) = (sum, total)
- subtraction: (minuend) ? (subtrahend) = (difference)
- multiplication: (multiplier) × (multiplicand) = (factor) × (factor) = (product)
- division: (dividend) ÷ (divisor) = (quotient), remainder left over if divisor does not divide dividend
Verb
sum (third-person singular simple present sums, present participle summing, simple past and past participle summed)
- (transitive) To add together.
- 2005, Plato, Sophist. Translation by Lesley Brown. 250b.
- when you say that stability and change are, it's because you're summing them up together as embraced by it, and taking note of the communion each of them has with being.
- 2005, Plato, Sophist. Translation by Lesley Brown. 250b.
- (transitive) To give a summary of.
Synonyms
- (to add together): add, add together, add up, sum up, summate, tally, tot, tot up, total, tote up
- (to give a summary of): See summarize
Translations
References
- sum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Kazakh ??? (som), Kyrgyz ??? (som), Uyghur ???? (som), and Uzbek so?m, all of which have the core signification “pure”, used in elliptical reference to historical coins of pure gold.
Alternative forms
- som, soum
Noun
sum (plural sums)
- The basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan.
- The basic unit of money in Uzbekistan.
Translations
Etymology 3
Eye dialect spelling of some.
Pronoun
sum
- (African-American Vernacular, Internet slang, text messaging) Eye dialect spelling of some.
Determiner
sum
- (African-American Vernacular, Internet slang, text messaging) Eye dialect spelling of some.
Etymology 4
Noun
sum (plural sums)
- Synonym of somon
Further reading
- sum in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- sum in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- sum at OneLook Dictionary Search
Anagrams
- MSU, Mus, Mu?, UMS, mu's, mus, mus', ums
Aromanian
Alternative forms
- sun, su
Etymology
From Latin subtus, from sub. Compare Romanian sub.
Preposition
sum
- under
Czech
Etymology 1
Noun
sum
- genitive plural of suma
Etymology 2
Noun
sum
- genitive plural of sumo
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norse sem.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /s?m?/
- Rhymes: -?m?
Conjunction
sum
- like, as
- when, as
Particle
sum (relative particle)
- that, who, which
Synonyms
- ið
Gothic
Romanization
sum
- Romanization of ????????????
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -??m
Adjective
sum
- inflection of sumur (“some”):
- nominative feminine singular
- nominative/accusative neuter plural
Kavalan
Noun
sum
- urine
Latin
Etymology
The present stem is from Proto-Italic *ezom, from Proto-Indo-European *h?ésmi (“I am, I exist”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ???? (eimí), Sanskrit ????? (ásmi), Old English eom (English am). The perfect stem is from Proto-Italic *(fe)f?ai, from Proto-Indo-European *b?úHt (“to become, be”) (whence also f?? (“to become, to be made”), and future and imperfect inflections -b?, -bam). Confer also the etymology at fore.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /sum/, [s????]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /sum/, [sum]
Verb
sum (present infinitive esse, perfect active fu?, future participle fut?rus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle
- (copulative) to be, exist, have [+dative]
- Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer
- Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.
- I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.
- Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.
- 1647, René Descartes, Meditationes de Prima Philosophia, in qua Dei existentia et animæ immortalitas demonstratur
- Cogito, ergo sum.
- I think, therefore I am.
- Cogito, ergo sum.
- 63 B.C.E., Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)
- O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.
- O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city do we live?
- O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.
- 121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum ("About the Life of the Caesars", commonly referred to as "The Twelve Caesars")
- Alea iacta est.
- The die is cast.
- Alea iacta est.
- Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer
- to be there (impersonal verb)
- (Medieval Latin, in the past tense) to go
- Ad quod castrum vincendum Pisani fuerunt cum quinquaginta navibus, plattis et schafis, etc,
- They went to conquer Pisanius' castle with fifty boats, engines, siege weapons, etc.
- Ad quod castrum vincendum Pisani fuerunt cum quinquaginta navibus, plattis et schafis, etc,
Conjugation
In Vulgar Latin, the present infinitive was changed to have the -re ending: essere.
Derived terms
Descendants
- Aromanian: escu (in part)
- Asturian: ser (in part)
- Corsican: esse
- Dalmatian: saite
- Franco-Provençal: étre (< *estre < *essre), esse (contraction of *essre)
- Friulian: jessi, sei
- Istriot: ièsi
- Italian: essere
- Megleno-Romanian: s?m
- Mirandese: ser (in part)
- Ladin: ester, esser, esse
- Ligurian: êse
- Neapolitan: éssere
- Old French: estre
- Middle French: estre (conflated with ester)
- French: être
- Bourguignon: étre
- Champenois: ètre
- Franc-Comtois: étre
- Gallo: ête
- Picard: ète
- Norman: ête
- Walloon: esse
- Middle French: estre (conflated with ester)
- Old Portuguese: seer (in part)
- Galician: ser
- Portuguese: ser
- Old Occitan: esser
- Catalan: ésser, ser
- Occitan: èsser, èstre
- Piedmontese: esse
- Romanian: fi (in part)
- Romansch: esser, easser
- Sardinian: èssere, èssi, èssiri
- Sicilian: èssiri, siri
- Spanish: ser (in part)
- Venetian: èser, èsar, èsare, esare, èsere, èssare, èssere
Further reading
- sum¹ in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- sum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- 1 sum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette, pages 1,511–1,512
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- sum in D. P. Simpson, Cassell's Latin Dictionary, Wiley Publishing, 1968
- sum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 1
From Latin summa
Noun
sum m (definite singular summen, indefinite plural summer, definite plural summene)
- a sum (addition or aggregation)
- Hva er summen av 2+2?
- What's the sum of 2+2?
- Hva er summen av 2+2?
- a sum (amount of money)
Derived terms
- leiesum
- pengesum
Etymology 2
From the verb summe
Noun
sum n (definite singular summet)
- buzz (continuous noise)
Etymology 3
Verb
sum
- imperative of summe
References
- “sum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
From Latin summa
Noun
sum m (definite singular summen, indefinite plural summar, definite plural summane)
- a sum (addition or aggregation)
- Kva er summen av 2+2?
- What's the sum of 2+2?
- Kva er summen av 2+2?
- a sum (amount of money)
Derived terms
- pengesum
Etymology 2
From the verb summe
Noun
sum n (definite singular summet)
- buzz (continuous noise)
Etymology 3
Noun
sum n (definite singular sumet, indefinite plural sum, definite plural suma)
- an act of swimming
- Dei la på sum utover mot holmen.
- They started swimming towards the holm.
- Dei la på sum utover mot holmen.
Etymology 4
Pronoun
sum m (feminine sum, neuter sumt, plural sume)
- form removed with the spelling reform of 2012; superseded by som
References
- “sum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *sumaz, whence also Old High German sum, Old Norse sumr.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sum/
Pronoun
sum
- some
Descendants
- Middle English: sum, som, some
- Scots: sum, some
- English: some
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *sumaz, whence also Old English sum, Old Norse sumr
Pronoun
sum n
- some
Declension
Descendants
- Middle Low German: som
- Low German: sum
Phalura
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sum/
Noun
sum m (Perso-Arabic spelling ???)
- mud (dry), dust
Inflection
a-decl (Obl, pl): -a
References
- Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)?[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, ?ISBN
Pnar
Etymology
From Proto-Khasian *sum, from Proto-Mon-Khmer. Cognate with Hu ?úm. Likely related to the forms with h- and null initials, such as Bahnar hum.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sum/
Noun
sum
- to bathe
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sum/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *som?.
Noun
sum m anim
- European catfish
Declension
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Noun
sum f pl
- genitive plural of suma
Further reading
- sum in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
- sum in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Shabo
Verb
sum
- say
Slovene
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sú?m/
Noun
s?m m inan
- suspicion, mistrust
Inflection
Further reading
- “sum”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Vurës
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sym/
Verb
sum
- to drink
sum From the web:
- what sum mean
- what sum is equal to 8/12
- what summer jobs hire at 14
- what summary means
- what sum mean in math
- what summer school
- what summer jobs hire at 13
- what summarize means
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