different between grind vs scratch

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, (cognate with Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), from Proto-Germanic *grindan?, from Proto-Indo-European *g?rend?- (“crushing”). Compare Saterland Frisian griene (“to grind; mill”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???a?nd/,
• Rhymes: -a?nd

Verb

grind (third-person singular simple present grinds, present participle grinding, simple past and past participle ground or grinded) (see usage notes below)

1. (transitive) To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion.
2. (transitive) To shape with the force of friction.

3. (metalworking) To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface.
4. (intransitive) To become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction.

5. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.
6. (sports, intransitive) To slide the flat portion of a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle such as a railing.
7. (transitive) To oppress, hold down or weaken.
8. (slang, intransitive) To rotate the hips erotically.
9. (slang) To dance in a sexually suggestive way with both partners in very close proximity, often pressed against each other.
10. (video games, intransitive) To repeat a task a large number of times in a row to achieve a specific goal.
11. (transitive) To operate by turning a crank.

12. To produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank.
13. (computing, dated) To automatically format and indent code.
14. To instill through repetitive teaching.

15. (slang, Hawaii) To eat.

16. (intransitive, slang) To work or study hard; to hustle or drudge.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Farrar to this entry?)

17. (transitive, slang) To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears.

Usage notes

• In the sports and video game senses, the past participle and past tense form grinded is often used instead of the irregular form ground.
• Historically, there also existed a past participle form grounden, but it is now archaic or obsolete.
• When used to denote sexually suggestive dancing between two partners, the past participle and past tense form grinded is almost always used.

Conjugation

Strong conjugation

Weak conjugation

Derived terms

• bump and grind
• grind down
• have an axe to grind

Translations

Noun

grind (countable and uncountable, plural grinds)

1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.
2. Something that has been reduced to powder, something that has been ground.
3. A specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans.

4. A tedious and laborious task.

   Synonym: chore
5. A grinding trick on a skateboard or snowboard.
6. (archaic, slang) One who studies hard.

   Synonym: swot
7. (uncountable, music) Clipping of grindcore (“subgenre of heavy metal”).
8. (slang) Hustle. (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Translations

Etymology 2

From Faroese grind (“pilot-whale meat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /????nd/
• Rhymes: -?nd

Noun

grind (plural grinds)

1. A traditional communal pilot whale hunt in the Faroe Islands.

Synonyms

• grindadráp

Anagrams

• D-ring, dring

Albanian

Etymology

Either a nasal variant of grij or gërdhij, from Proto-Indo-European *g?rend?- (compare English grind, Lithuanian gréndžiu (“to scrape, scratch”). Same sense development as with grih.

Verb

grind (first-person singular past tense grinda, participle grindur)

1. to brawl, to fight, to wrangle over

Related terms

• grij
• gërryej
• gërdhij

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?r?nt/
• Hyphenation: grind
• Rhymes: -?nt

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch grint, grinde, from Old Dutch *grinda, from Proto-Germanic *grind? (“sand, pebbles”).

Alternative forms

• grinde, grinte (obsolete)
• grint

Noun

grind n (uncountable)

1. (geology) The materials gravel, shingle or pebbles.

Derived terms

• grindbed
• grindbeton
• grinden
• grindig
• grindpad
• grindweg

Descendants

• Afrikaans: grint

Etymology 2

Germanic, perhaps from the above root as a crusty rash

Alternative forms

• grinde

Noun

grind n (uncountable)

1. (archaic, pathology) The diseases scabies (human), mange (canine)

Synonyms

• schurft m

Derived terms

• grindig (adjective)

Anagrams

• dring

Faroese

Etymology 1

From Old Norse grind (“gate”)

Pronunciation

Noun

grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)

1. A framework
2. A grille

Declension

Etymology 2

The term is a Faroese invention. A school of pilot whales reminds of a framework (see grind above) in the sea, by swimming very close to each other. The Faroese term was loaned in many other languages; compare German Grindwal, Danish grindehval or Dutch griend.More likely the word is related to the English word ground and refers to the whales frequently being grounded or easily driven onto ground.

Noun

grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)

1. A school of grindahvalur (pilot whales)
2. The tvøst (meat) and spik (blubber) of the pilot whales
3. The act of pilot whaling, grindadráp
4. (figuratively) An unexpected meal

Declension

Descendants

• Belarusian: ??????? (hrýnda)
• ? Danish: grindehval
• Dutch: griend
• German: Grindwal
• Icelandic: grind
• Russian: ??????? (grínda)
• Ukrainian: ??????? (hrýnda)

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kr?nt/
• Rhymes: -?nt

Etymology 1

From Old Norse grind

Noun

grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)

1. lattice, grid, grille
2. framework
3. (order theory) lattice

Declension

Etymology 2

From Faroese grind.

Noun

grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)

1. pilot whale

Declension

Synonyms

• (pilot whale): grindahvalur, marsvín

Anagrams

• girnd

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse grind

Noun

grind f or m (definite singular grinda or grinden, indefinite plural grinder, definite plural grindene)

1. A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence.
2. A framework
3. A grille

Derived terms

References

• “grind” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “grind” in The Ordnett Dictionary

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse grind.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?r?nd/, /?r?n?/ (example of pronunciation)

Noun

grind f (definite singular grinda, indefinite plural grinder, definite plural grindene)

1. A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence.
2. A framework
3. A grille

Inflection

Derived terms

• leikegrind
• takgrind
• trappegrind

References

• “grind” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *grindiz.

Noun

grind f (genitive grindar, plural grindr)

1. a gate made of spars or bars
2. haven, dock
3. storehouses

Declension

Descendants

References

• grind in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish grind, from Old Norse grind, from Proto-Germanic *grindiz, from Proto-Indo-European *g?rend?-.

Noun

grind c

1. A gate; door-like structure outside a building
2. (computing) A gate, logical pathway

Declension

Anagrams

• ringd

English

Etymology

From Middle English scracchen, of uncertain origin. Probably a blend of Middle English scratten (“to scratch”) and cracchen (“to scratch”). More at scrat and cratch.

Pronunciation

• enPR: skr?ch, IPA^(key): /sk?æt?/
• Rhymes: -æt?

Verb

scratch (third-person singular simple present scratches, present participle scratching, simple past and past participle scratched)

1. To rub a surface with a sharp object, especially by a living creature to remove itching with nails, claws, etc.
   • 1733, Jonathan Swift, On Poetry, a Rhapsody

     Be mindful, when invention fails, / To scratch your head, and bite your nails.

2. To rub the skin with rough material causing a sensation of irritation; to cause itching.
   1. For a man, when kissing someone, to irritate the skin of that person with one's unshaven beard.
3. To mark a surface with a sharp object, thereby leaving a scratch (noun).

4. To cross out, strike out, strike through some text on a page.
   1. Hence, to remove, ignore or delete.

5. (music) To produce a distinctive sound on a turntable by moving a vinyl record back and forth while manipulating the crossfader (see also scratching).
6. (billiards) To commit a foul in pool, as where the cue ball is put into a pocket or jumps off the table.

7. (billiards, dated, US) To score, not by skillful play but by some fortunate chance of the game.
8. To write or draw hastily or awkwardly; scrawl.
9. (transitive, intransitive) To dig or excavate with the claws.

10. To dig or scrape (a person's skin) with claws or fingernails in self-defense or with the intention to injure.

Synonyms

• scrattle

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

scratch (countable and uncountable, plural scratches)

1. A disruption, mark or shallow cut on a surface made by scratching.
   • 1677-1684, Joseph Moxon, Mechanick Exercises

     The coarse file […] makes deep scratches in the work.

   • 1709, Matthew Prior, Henry and Emma, line 503

     These nails with scratches deform my breast.
2. An act of scratching the skin to alleviate an itch or irritation.

3. (sports)
   1. A starting line (originally and simply, a line scratched in the ground), as in boxing.

      (Can we find and add a quotation of Grose to this entry?)

   2. A technical error of touching or surpassing the starting mark prior to the official start signal in the sporting events of long jump, discus, hammer throw, shot put, and similar. Originally the starting mark was a scratch on the ground but is now a board or precisely indicated mark.
   3. (cycling) The last riders to depart in a handicap race.
   4. (billiards) An aberration.
      1. A foul in pool, as where the cue ball is put into a pocket or jumps off the table.
      2. (archaic, US, slang) A shot which scores by chance and not as intended by the player; a fluke.
   5. (horse racing) A horse withdrawn from a race prior to the start.

4. (slang) Money.
   • 2006, Clive James, North Face of Soho, Picador 2007, p. 153:

     He and Bruce cooked up a script together, and Bruce flew home to raise the scratch.

5. A feed, usually a mixture of a few common grains, given to chickens.
6. (in the plural) Minute, but tender and troublesome, excoriations, covered with scabs, upon the heels of horses which have been used where it is very wet or muddy.
   • 1887, James Law, The Farmer's Veterinary Adviser

     These are exemplified in the scurfy, scaly affections which appear in the bend of the knee (mallenders) and hock (sallenders) and on the lower parts of the limbs, by scratches, and by a scaly exfoliation […].

7. (now historical) A scratch wig.
   • 1775, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, 26 March:

     [H]e turned to him with a dejected Face, and said ‘ – pray Sir, – could you touch up This a little?’ taking hold of his frightful scratch.

8. (music) A genre of Virgin Islander music, better known as fungi.

Synonyms

• (Virgin Islander music): fungi, quelbe

Derived terms

Translations

Adjective

scratch (not comparable)

1. For or consisting of preliminary or tentative, incomplete, etc. work.

2. Hastily assembled, arranged or constructed, from whatever materials are to hand, with little or no preparation
   • 1988, James McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom, Oxford 2004, p. 740:

     Bluecoats began crossing the James on June 14 and next day two corps approached Petersburg, which was held by Beauregard with a scratch force of 2,500.

3. (computing, from scratchpad) Relating to a data structure or recording medium attached to a machine for testing or temporary use.
4. (sports) (of a player) Of a standard high enough to play without a handicap, i.e. to compete without the benefit of a variation in scoring based on ability.

Derived terms

• scratch sheet

References

• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “scratch”, in Online Etymology Dictionary
• The Jargon File - Scratch

French

Etymology

From English scratch.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sk?at?/

Noun

scratch m (plural scratchs)

1. Velcro

Synonyms

• velcro

Italian

Etymology

From English scratch.

Noun

scratch m (invariable)

1. (music) scratch

Spanish

Etymology

From English scratch.

Noun

scratch m (plural scratchs)

1. (music) scratch