different between grind vs quern
grind
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, (cognate with Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), from Proto-Germanic *grindan?, from Proto-Indo-European *g?rend?- (“crushing”). Compare Saterland Frisian griene (“to grind; mill”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /???a?nd/,
- Rhymes: -a?nd
Verb
grind (third-person singular simple present grinds, present participle grinding, simple past and past participle ground or grinded) (see usage notes below)
- (transitive) To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion.
- (transitive) To shape with the force of friction.
- (metalworking) To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface.
- (intransitive) To become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction.
- To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.
- (sports, intransitive) To slide the flat portion of a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle such as a railing.
- (transitive) To oppress, hold down or weaken.
- (slang, intransitive) To rotate the hips erotically.
- (slang) To dance in a sexually suggestive way with both partners in very close proximity, often pressed against each other.
- (video games, intransitive) To repeat a task a large number of times in a row to achieve a specific goal.
- (transitive) To operate by turning a crank.
- To produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank.
- (computing, dated) To automatically format and indent code.
- To instill through repetitive teaching.
- (slang, Hawaii) To eat.
- (intransitive, slang) To work or study hard; to hustle or drudge.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Farrar to this entry?)
- (transitive, slang) To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears.
Usage notes
- In the sports and video game senses, the past participle and past tense form grinded is often used instead of the irregular form ground.
- Historically, there also existed a past participle form grounden, but it is now archaic or obsolete.
- When used to denote sexually suggestive dancing between two partners, the past participle and past tense form grinded is almost always used.
Conjugation
- Strong conjugation
- Weak conjugation
Derived terms
- bump and grind
- grind down
- have an axe to grind
Translations
Noun
grind (countable and uncountable, plural grinds)
- The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.
- Something that has been reduced to powder, something that has been ground.
- A specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans.
- A tedious and laborious task.
- Synonym: chore
- A grinding trick on a skateboard or snowboard.
- (archaic, slang) One who studies hard.
- Synonym: swot
- (uncountable, music) Clipping of grindcore (“subgenre of heavy metal”).
- (slang) Hustle. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
Translations
Etymology 2
From Faroese grind (“pilot-whale meat”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /????nd/
- Rhymes: -?nd
Noun
grind (plural grinds)
- A traditional communal pilot whale hunt in the Faroe Islands.
Synonyms
- grindadráp
Anagrams
- D-ring, dring
Albanian
Etymology
Either a nasal variant of grij or gërdhij, from Proto-Indo-European *g?rend?- (compare English grind, Lithuanian gréndžiu (“to scrape, scratch”). Same sense development as with grih.
Verb
grind (first-person singular past tense grinda, participle grindur)
- to brawl, to fight, to wrangle over
Related terms
- grij
- gërryej
- gërdhij
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?r?nt/
- Hyphenation: grind
- Rhymes: -?nt
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch grint, grinde, from Old Dutch *grinda, from Proto-Germanic *grind? (“sand, pebbles”).
Alternative forms
- grinde, grinte (obsolete)
- grint
Noun
grind n (uncountable)
- (geology) The materials gravel, shingle or pebbles.
Derived terms
- grindbed
- grindbeton
- grinden
- grindig
- grindpad
- grindweg
Descendants
- Afrikaans: grint
Etymology 2
Germanic, perhaps from the above root as a crusty rash
Alternative forms
- grinde
Noun
grind n (uncountable)
- (archaic, pathology) The diseases scabies (human), mange (canine)
Synonyms
- schurft m
Derived terms
- grindig (adjective)
Anagrams
- dring
Faroese
Etymology 1
From Old Norse grind (“gate”)
Pronunciation
Noun
grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)
- A framework
- A grille
Declension
Etymology 2
The term is a Faroese invention. A school of pilot whales reminds of a framework (see grind above) in the sea, by swimming very close to each other. The Faroese term was loaned in many other languages; compare German Grindwal, Danish grindehval or Dutch griend.More likely the word is related to the English word ground and refers to the whales frequently being grounded or easily driven onto ground.
Noun
grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)
- A school of grindahvalur (pilot whales)
- The tvøst (meat) and spik (blubber) of the pilot whales
- The act of pilot whaling, grindadráp
- (figuratively) An unexpected meal
Declension
Descendants
- Belarusian: ??????? (hrýnda)
- ? Danish: grindehval
- Dutch: griend
- German: Grindwal
- Icelandic: grind
- Russian: ??????? (grínda)
- Ukrainian: ??????? (hrýnda)
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kr?nt/
- Rhymes: -?nt
Etymology 1
From Old Norse grind
Noun
grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)
- lattice, grid, grille
- framework
- (order theory) lattice
Declension
Etymology 2
From Faroese grind.
Noun
grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)
- pilot whale
Declension
Synonyms
- (pilot whale): grindahvalur, marsvín
Anagrams
- girnd
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old Norse grind
Noun
grind f or m (definite singular grinda or grinden, indefinite plural grinder, definite plural grindene)
- A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence.
- A framework
- A grille
Derived terms
References
- “grind” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “grind” in The Ordnett Dictionary
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse grind.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?r?nd/, /?r?n?/ (example of pronunciation)
Noun
grind f (definite singular grinda, indefinite plural grinder, definite plural grindene)
- A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence.
- A framework
- A grille
Inflection
Derived terms
- leikegrind
- takgrind
- trappegrind
References
- “grind” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *grindiz.
Noun
grind f (genitive grindar, plural grindr)
- a gate made of spars or bars
- haven, dock
- storehouses
Declension
Descendants
References
- grind in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish grind, from Old Norse grind, from Proto-Germanic *grindiz, from Proto-Indo-European *g?rend?-.
Noun
grind c
- A gate; door-like structure outside a building
- (computing) A gate, logical pathway
Declension
Anagrams
- ringd
grind From the web:
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quern
English
Alternative forms
- curn, kern, quirn
Etymology
From Middle English quern, cwerne, from Old English cweorn (“quern, hand-mill, mill”), from Proto-Germanic *kwern? (“millstone”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?réh?w? (“heavy stone”), from *g?réh?us (“heavy”).
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /kw?n/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /kw??n/
- Rhymes: -??(?)n
Noun
quern (plural querns)
- A mill for grinding corn, especially a hand-mill made of two circular stones.
- 2005, Anne Crone, Ewan Campbell, A Crannog of the First Millennium, AD: Excavations by Jack Scott at Loch Gloshan, Argyll, 1960, page 100,
- MacKie has noted that querns that were in use in Scotland up to the present day were about 450mm—600mm in diameter and that the lower stone was completely perforated to make it adjustable (MacKie 1987, 5).
- 2009, Charles D. Hockensmith, The Millstone Industry, page 212,
- Not surprisingly, different cultures discovered the suitability of various rock types for manufacturing querns and millstones.
- 2005, Anne Crone, Ewan Campbell, A Crannog of the First Millennium, AD: Excavations by Jack Scott at Loch Gloshan, Argyll, 1960, page 100,
Derived terms
- beehive quern
- quernstone
- saddle quern
Translations
Verb
quern (third-person singular simple present querns, present participle querning, simple past and past participle querned)
- (transitive) To grind; to use a quern.
- 1979, Poul Anderson, The Merman's Children, 2011, unnumbered page,
- He could almost set aside the longing for Eyjan that ever querned within him—almost—in this place so utterly sundered from everything of hers.
- 2000, Tina Tuohy, 9: Long Handled Weaving Combs: Problems Determining the Gender of Tool-Maker and Tool-User, Moira Donald, Linda Hurcombe (editors), Gender and Material Culture in Archaeological Perspective, page 141,
- For women he thought these should include combing, spinning, querning, leather and fur-working and be associated with finds of beads, bracelets and perforated teeth.
- 2009, Greer Gilman, Unleaving, Cloud & Ashes: Three Winter's Tales, page 262,
- Beyond this now lay only chaos and a querning sea. Time's millstones, grinding bones for bread.
- 2011, Rachel Pope, Ian Ralston, 17: Approaching Sex and Status in Iron Age Britain with Reference to the Nearer Continent, Tom Moore, Thomas Hugh Moore, X. L. Armada (editors), Atlantic Europe in the First Millennium BC: Crossing the Divide, page 401,
- From the osteology, a supposed link between squatting facets and prehistoric women—and by extension the interpretation that women were engaged in querning activity—is not demonstrated for the Iron Age: of the thirteen with the complaint in Deal, Kent, 62 per cent were male (Anderson 1995: table 29).
- 1979, Poul Anderson, The Merman's Children, 2011, unnumbered page,
See also
- quirn
Middle English
Alternative forms
- querne, queerne, cwerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, whern, qweryn, qwhern
Etymology
From Old English cweorn, from Proto-Germanic *kwern?, from Proto-Indo-European *g?réh?w? (“heavy stone”), from *g?réh?us (“heavy”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kw?rn/, /kwe?rn/
Noun
quern (plural quernes)
- A quern or quirn; a device for grinding grains.
- A stone forming part of a quern.
Derived terms
- pepyrquerne
Descendants
- English: quern, kern, curn, quirn
- Scots: querne, quern, queirn, queern
- Yola: querne
References
- “qu???rn(e, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-10.
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