different between gram vs boss
gram
English
Alternative forms
- gramme (dated, chiefly British)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??æm/
- Rhymes: -æm
- Homophone: graham (GenAm)
Etymology 1
From French gramme, from Ancient Greek ?????? (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”). Doublet of gramma.
Noun
gram (plural grams)
- A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.
Translations
See also
- kilogram
- milligram
- List of SI units
Etymology 2
From obsolete Portuguese gram (modern Portuguese grão), from Latin gr?num. Doublet of grain.
Noun
gram (uncountable)
- A leguminous plant grown for its seeds, especially the chickpea.
- (uncountable) The seeds of these plants.
Derived terms
- Bengal gram
- gram flour
Translations
Etymology 3
Diminutive of grandmother.
Noun
gram (plural grams)
- Grandmother.
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
- (US) IPA(key): /???e?m/, /???æm/
Noun
gram (uncountable)
- (US) Misspelling of graham.
Etymology 6
Clipping of Instagram.
Noun
gram (plural grams)
- (colloquial) Alternative form of 'gram
References
Further reading
- gram on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- gram (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
- MAgr, marg
Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /???am/
Etymology 1
From French gramme.
Noun
gram m (plural grams)
- gram (unit of mass)
Etymology 2
From Latin gr?men. Previously applied to grasses in general but now restricted to a few specific species.
Noun
gram m (plural grams)
- Bermuda grass
Derived terms
- gram negre
- gramera
- gramós
Further reading
- “gram” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [??ram]
- Hyphenation: gram
- Rhymes: -am
Noun
gram m inan
- gram (unit)
Declension
Derived terms
- miligram
- centigram
- decigram
- dekagram
- kilogram
Further reading
- gram in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
- gram in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
Etymology 1
From Old Norse gramr, cognates with the Icelandic gramur (“resentful, irritated”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?ram/, [????m?]
Adjective
gram
- irate
Inflection
Related terms
- gram i hu
Etymology 2
From Ancient Greek ?????? (grammá).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?ram/, [????m?]
Noun
gram n (singular definite grammet, plural indefinite gram)
- gram (unit of mass)
Inflection
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?r?m/
- Hyphenation: gram
- Rhymes: -?m
Etymology 1
Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma during the French Revolution, from Ancient Greek ?????? (grámma).
Noun
gram n or m (plural grammen, diminutive grammetje n)
- gram (unit of mass)
Derived terms
- centigram
- decagram
- decigram
- hectogram
- kilogram
- microgram
- milligram
- nanogram
Descendants
- ? Indonesian: gram
See also
- gewicht
- kilo
Etymology 2
From Middle Dutch gram (“wrath”).
Adjective
gram (comparative grammer, superlative gramst)
- (rare) angry, irate
Etymology 3
Substantivization of the adjective above.
Noun
gram m (uncountable, diminutive grammetje n)
- (rare) wrath
See also
- gramschap
- toorn
- wrevel
German
Etymology
From Middle High German gram, from Old High German gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.
Pronunciation
Adjective
gram (not comparable)
- angry
Further reading
- “gram” in Duden online
Indonesian
Etymology
From Dutch gram, from French gramme, from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek ?????? (grámma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [??ram]
- Hyphenation: gram
Noun
gram (first-person possessive gramku, second-person possessive grammu, third-person possessive gramnya)
- gram: a unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.
Further reading
- “gram” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
Irish
Etymology
From French gramme, from Ancient Greek ?????? (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /????am?/
Noun
gram m (genitive singular graim, nominative plural graim)
- gram (unit of mass)
Declension
Mutation
Further reading
- "gram" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.
Adjective
gram
- angry
- sad, upset
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Dutch: gram
Further reading
- “gram”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “gram (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page I
Middle English
Old English gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz; cognate to Old Norse gramr. Related to grim.
Adjective
gram
- Angry.
- c. 1300, Havelok the Dane:
- For he knew, the swike dam, / Euerildel God was him gram.
- c. 1300, Havelok the Dane:
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From French gramme, from Ancient Greek ?????? (grámma)
Noun
gram n (definite singular grammet, indefinite plural gram, definite plural gramma or grammene)
- a gram, unit of weight, symbol g.
Derived terms
- mikrogram
References
- “gram” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “gram_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From French gramme, from Ancient Greek ?????? (grámma)
Noun
gram n (definite singular grammet, indefinite plural gram, definite plural gramma)
- a gram, unit of weight, symbol g.
Derived terms
- mikrogram
References
- “gram” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *gramaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?r?m/
Adjective
gram
- angry, hostile
Declension
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek ?????? (grámma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?ram/
Etymology 1
Noun
gram m inan
- gram (unit of mass)
Declension
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
gram
- first-person singular present indicative of gra?
Further reading
- gram in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Noun
gram m (plural grãos)
- Obsolete spelling of grão
Descendants
- ? English: gram
Adjective
gram
- Obsolete spelling of grão
Romanian
Etymology
From French gramme.
Noun
gram n (plural grame)
- gram (unit of mass)
Declension
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From French gramme, from Ancient Greek ?????? (grámma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?ram/
Noun
gram m (plural gramichean)
- gram (unit of mass)
Mutation
Derived terms
- cileagram (“kilogram”)
- micreo-gram (“microgram”)
Related terms
- tunna (“tonne”)
References
- “gram” in Edward Dwelly, Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan/The Illustrated [Scottish] Gaelic–English Dictionary, 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, 1911, ?ISBN.
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek ?????? (grámma).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?râm/
Noun
gr?m m (Cyrillic spelling ?????)
- gram (unit)
Declension
Swedish
Pronunciation
Noun
gram n
- gram (unit of mass)
Tatar
Noun
gram
- Latin spelling of ???? (gram, “gram (unit of mass)”)
Declension
Volapük
Noun
gram (nominative plural grams)
- gram
Declension
gram From the web:
- what grammatical structure is repeated in the passage
- what grammatical structure is repeated in this excerpt
- what grammar
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- what grammar means
boss
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation): IPA(key): /b?s/
- (General American): IPA(key): /b?s/
- (cot–caught merger, Canada): IPA(key): /b?s/
- Rhymes: -?s, -??s
Etymology 1
From Dutch baas, from Middle Dutch baes (“master of a household, friend”), from Old Dutch *baso (“uncle, kinsman”), from Proto-Germanic *baswô, masculine form of Proto-Germanic *basw? (“father's sister, aunt, cousin”). Cognate with Middle Low German b?s (“supervisor, foreman”), Old Frisian bas (“master”), hence Saterland Frisian Boas (“boss”), Old High German basa (“father's sister, cousin”), hence German Base (“aunt, cousin”).
Originally a term of respect used to address an older relative. Later, in New Amsterdam, it began to mean a person in charge who is not a master. The representation of Dutch -aa- by English -o- is due to the older unrounded pronunciation of this letter, which is still used in North America and parts of Ireland, but was formerly found in some British accents as well.
The video game sense is borrowed from Japanese ?? (bosu).
Noun
boss (plural bosses)
- A person who oversees and directs the work of others; a supervisor.
- February 18, 2018, Dawn Pine, Strategies for Dealing with a Bad Boss
- we have some vindictive people as bosses, and you don’t want to be the target of their wrath.
- February 18, 2018, Dawn Pine, Strategies for Dealing with a Bad Boss
- A person in charge of a business or company.
- Synonym: employer
- A leader, the head of an organized group or team.
- Synonyms: head, leader
- The head of a political party in a given region or district.
- Synonym: leader
- (informal, especially India and MLE) A term of address to a man.
- (video games) An enemy, often at the end of a level, that is particularly challenging and must be beaten in order to progress.
- Synonym: guardian
- (humorous) Wife.
Synonyms
- (person who oversees and directs the work of others): line manager, manager, supervisor
- (informal: term of address to a man): gov/guv (UK), guvnor (UK), mate (UK)
- See also Thesaurus:boss
Derived terms
Descendants
- ? Japanese: ?? (bosu)
- ? Indonesian: bos
Translations
Verb
boss (third-person singular simple present bosses, present participle bossing, simple past and past participle bossed)
- (transitive) To exercise authoritative control over; to tell (someone) what to do, often repeatedly.
- Synonyms: lord over, boss around
- 1931, Robert L. May, Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Montgomery Ward (publisher):
- By YOU last night’s journey was actually bossed / Without you, I’m certain, we’d all have been lost.
- 1932, Lorine Pruette, The Parent and the Happy Child, page 76
- His sisters bossed him and spoiled him. All their lives he was to go on being their little brother, who could do no wrong, because he was the baby; [...]
- 1967, Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, The purloined paperweight, page 90
- She bossed him, and he's never gotten over it. She still orders him around, and instead of telling her to go soak her head, he just says 'Yes, ma'am' as weak as a newborn jellyfish [...]
- 1980, Jean Toomer The wayward and the seeking: a collection of writings by Jean Toomer, page 40
- For if, on the one hand, I bossed him and showed him what to do and how to do it, [...]
Derived terms
- boss about, boss around, overboss
Translations
Adjective
boss (not comparable)
- (slang, US, Canada, Liverpudlian) Of excellent quality, first-rate.
Etymology 2
From Middle English bos, bose, boce, from Old French boce (“lump, bulge, protuberance, knot”), from Frankish *bottja, from Proto-Germanic *bautan? (“to hit, strike, beat”). Doublet of beat; see there for more.
Noun
boss (plural bosses)
- A swelling, lump or protuberance in an animal, person or object.
- (geology) A lump-like mass of rock, especially one projecting through a stratum of different rock.
- A convex protuberance in hammered work, especially the rounded projection in the centre of a shield.
- (mechanics) A protrusion, frequently a cylinder of material that extends beyond a hole.
- 1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, chapter IV
- The seargent ... screwing a bipod into the threaded boss on the underside of the barrel would kill these animals ...
- 1985, Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, chapter IV
- (architecture) A knob or projection, usually at the intersection of ribs in a vault.
- (archery) A target block, made of foam but historically made of hay bales, to which a target face is attached.
- A wooden vessel for the mortar used in tiling or masonry, hung by a hook from the laths, or from the rounds of a ladder.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Gwilt to this entry?)
- A head or reservoir of water.
Derived terms
- bosslike
- emboss
Translations
Verb
boss (third-person singular simple present bosses, present participle bossing, simple past and past participle bossed)
- (transitive) To decorate with bosses; to emboss.
Etymology 3
Apparently a corruption of bass.
Noun
boss (plural bosses)
- (obsolete) A hassock or small seat, especially made from a bundle of straw.
- 1916, James Joyce, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Macmillan Press Ltd, paperback, 36:
- All were waiting : uncle Charles, who sat far away in the shadow of the window, Dante and Mr Casey, who sat in the easy chairs at either side of the hearth, Stephen, seated on a chair between them, his feet resting on a toasting boss.
- 1916, James Joyce, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Macmillan Press Ltd, paperback, 36:
Synonyms
- (hassock or footrest): footrest, hassock
Translations
Anagrams
- BSOs, SOBs, sobs
French
Etymology
Borrowed from English boss.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /b?s/
Noun
boss m or f (plural boss or bosses)
- boss (leader)
Italian
Etymology
Borrowed from English boss.
Noun
boss m (invariable)
- boss (leader of a business, company or criminal organization)
- Synonym: capo
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 1
Alternative forms
- bøss
Noun
boss n (definite singular bosset, uncountable)
- garbage, rubbish, trash (leftover waste to be discarded)
Usage notes
Used mainly in the Bergen region.
Etymology 2
Noun
boss m (definite singular bossen, indefinite plural bosser, definite plural bossene)
- (colloquial) boss, supervisor (someone who oversees work)
- boss (final enemy in a video game)
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /b?s?/ (example of pronunciation)
Noun
boss n (definite singular bosset, uncountable)
- alternative form of bos
Swedish
Etymology
Borrowed from English boss.
Noun
boss c
- (video games) boss; final enemy
- (colloquial) boss, supervisor; someone who oversees work
- Synonym: chef
Declension
Tagalog
Etymology
From English boss.
Noun
boss
- (colloquial, slang, informal) A male term of address.
- (colloquial, slang, informal) boss
Derived terms
- bosing
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