different between gradient vs graduate

English

Etymology

From Latin gradi?ns, present participle of gradior (“to step, to walk”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???e?di?nt/

Noun

gradient (plural gradients)

1. A slope or incline.
2. A rate of inclination or declination of a slope.
3. (calculus, of a function) The ratio of the rates of change of a dependent variable and an independent variable, the slope of a curve's tangent.
4. (sciences) The rate at which a physical quantity increases or decreases relative to change in a given variable, especially distance.
5. (calculus) A differential operator that maps each point of a scalar field to a vector pointed in the direction of the greatest rate of change of the scalar. Notation for a scalar field ?: ??
6. A gradual change in color. A color gradient; gradation.

Synonyms

• (slope): hill, incline, ramp, slope
• (calculus, ratio of rates of change): slope (of a line), angular coefficient

Coordinate terms

• (calculus, differential operator): curl, divergence, viscid, viscous

Derived terms

Translations

Adjective

gradient (not comparable)

1. Moving by steps; walking.
   • 1648, John Wilkins, Mathematical Magick

     movable and Gradient Automata

2. Rising or descending by regular degrees of inclination.

3. Adapted for walking, as the feet of certain birds.

Anagrams

• atreding, derating, e-trading, gantried, red giant, redating, treading

French

Noun

gradient m (plural gradients)

1. gradient

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From English gradient, from Latin gradiens

Noun

gradient m (definite singular gradienten, indefinite plural gradienter, definite plural gradientene)

1. a gradient

References

• “gradient” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “gradient” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From English gradient, from Latin gradiens

Noun

gradient m (definite singular gradienten, indefinite plural gradientar, definite plural gradientane)

1. a gradient

References

• “gradient” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

From English gradient, from Latin gradi?ns.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??rad.j?nt/

Noun

gradient m inan

1. (mathematical analysis) gradient (differential operator that maps each point of a scalar field to a vector pointed in the direction of the greatest rate of change of the scalar)
2. gradient (change in color)

Declension

Derived terms

• (noun phrase) gradient geotermiczny
• (adjective) gradientowy

Further reading

• gradient in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• gradient in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

From French gradient.

Noun

gradient m (plural gradien?i)

1. gradient

Declension

Swedish

Noun

gradient c

1. (mathematical analysis) gradient; a vector operator

Declension

Anagrams

• indraget, tragedin

English

Etymology

From Latin gradu?tus (“graduated”), from gradus (“step”).

Pronunciation

Noun

graduate (plural graduates)

2. A person who is recognized by a university as having completed the requirements of a degree studied at the institution.

   If the government wants graduates to stay in the country they should offer more incentives.

3. (US, Canada) A person who is recognized by a high school as having completed the requirements of a course of study at the school.
4. (Philippines) A person who is recognized as having completed any level of education.
5. A graduated (marked) cup or other container, thus fit for measuring.

Antonyms

• (person recognized for having finished studies): student, drop-out

Coordinate terms

• (person recognized by school): graduand, undergraduate, postgraduate

Translations

Adjective

graduate (comparative more graduate, superlative most graduate)

1. graduated, arranged by degrees
2. holding an academic degree
3. relating to an academic degree

Verb

graduate (third-person singular simple present graduates, present participle graduating, simple past and past participle graduated)

1. (intransitive, ergative) To be recognized by a school or university as having completed the requirements of a degree studied at the institution.

   The man graduated in 1967.

   Trisha graduated from college.

2. (transitive, proscribed) To be certified as having earned a degree from; to graduate from (an institution).

   Trisha graduated college.

3. (transitive) To certify (a student) as having earned a degree

   Indiana University graduated the student.

   The college graduated him as soon as he was no longer eligible to play under NCAA rules.

4. (transitive) To mark (something) with degrees; to divide into regular steps or intervals, as the scale of a thermometer, a scheme of punishment or rewards, etc.
5. (intransitive) To change gradually.

   sandstone which graduates into gneiss; carnelian sometimes graduates into quartz

6. To prepare gradually; to arrange, temper, or modify by degrees or to a certain degree; to determine the degrees of.

   to graduate the heat of an oven
7. (chemistry) To bring to a certain degree of consistency, by evaporation, as a fluid.
8. To taper, as the tail of certain birds.

Usage notes

In the sense “to complete studies”, usage has shifted from the 19th century through the 21st century. Originally (from the 16th century) used transitively as “the school graduated the student” or passively as “the student was graduated [from the school, by the school]”; compare certified. In the 19th century began to be used as an ergative verb in the intransitive form “the student graduated from school”, “the student graduated”; the ergative occurs in English for change of state (compare break, melt), and reverses the subject compared to the transitive form: the student is the subject, not the school. This was originally proscribed, but was generally accepted by mid-20th century, and is now the preferred usage. The form “was graduated from” is a fossil, seen primarily in wedding invitations and obituaries, though the active form “the school graduated the student” is still in use. A further shift started mid-20th century, using the verb transitively with student subject, as in “the student graduated college” (note no “from”; compare completed). This has been used in major periodicals from the 1990s, but remains proscribed into the 21st century, being considered at best informal, at worst uneducated.

Note that there are thus two transitive forms, with the subject and object switching between the school and the student: “I graduated Indiana University” (newer, proscribed) vs. “Indiana University graduated me” (older, somewhat old-fashioned).

Derived terms

• graduator

Related terms

• grade
• graduation

Translations

References

Italian

Verb

graduate

1. second-person plural present indicative of graduare
2. second-person plural imperative of graduare

Adjective

graduate

1. feminine plural of graduato

Anagrams

• guardate

Latin

Adjective

gradu?te

1. vocative masculine singular of gradu?tus