different between grade vs cant

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French grade (“a grade, degree”), from Latin gradus (“a step, pace, a step in a ladder or stair, a station, position, degree”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?rad?-, *g?red?- (“to walk, go”). Cognate with Gothic ???????????????????? (griþs, “step, grade”), Bavarian Gritt (“step, stride”), Lithuanian grìdiju (“to go, wander”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??e?d/
• Homophones: grayed, greyed
• Rhymes: -e?d

Noun

grade (plural grades)

1. A rating.

   This fine-grade coin from 1837 is worth a good amount.

2. (chiefly Canada, US) Performance on a test or other evaluation(s), expressed by a number, letter, or other symbol; a score.

   Synonym: mark

3. A degree or level of something; a position within a scale; a degree of quality.

   • There are a lot of varieties of diatomaceous earth, so when you are shopping, be sure to get the right stuff!
     
     Make sure that you get food grade diatomaceous earth. Some people make 3% of the food they eat be diatomaceous earth.

4. (linguistics) degree (Any of the three stages (positive, comparative, superlative) in the comparison of an adjective or an adverb.)
5. A slope (up or down) of a roadway or other passage

6. (Canada, US, education) A level of primary and secondary education.

7. (Canada, education) A student of a particular grade (used with the grade level).

8. An area that has been flattened by a grader (construction machine).
9. The level of the ground.

10. (mathematics) A gradian.
11. (geometry) In a linear system of divisors on an n-dimensional variety, the number of free intersection points of n generic divisors.
12. A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
13. (systematics) A taxon united by a level of morphological or physiological complexity that is not a clade.
14. (medicine) The degree of malignity of a tumor expressed on a scale.

Synonyms

• (taxon that is not a clade): paraphyletic group

Related terms

• e-grade
• gradient
• o-grade
• zero-grade

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ???? (gur?do)

Translations

Verb

grade (third-person singular simple present grades, present participle grading, simple past and past participle graded)

1. (chiefly Canada, US) To assign scores to the components of an academic test.
2. (chiefly Canada, US) To assign a score to overall academic performance.
3. To organize in grades.

4. To flatten, level, or smooth a large surface.
5. (sewing) To remove or trim part of a seam allowance from a finished seam so as to reduce bulk and make the finished piece more even when turned right side out.
6. (research) To apply labels to data (typically by a manual rather than automatic process).

7. (intransitive) To pass imperceptibly from one grade into another.
   • 1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin 2005, p. 34:

     And there were circles even beyond these – […] humanity grading and drifting beyond the educated vision, until no earthly invitation can embrace it.

Translations

Derived terms

Anagrams

• Adger, Degar, EDGAR, Edgar, Gerda, garde, radge, raged

Afrikaans

Noun

grade

1. plural of graad

Esperanto

Etymology

grado +? -e

Adverb

grade

1. gradually

Synonyms

• malabrupte

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gradus. Compare degré.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??ad/
• Rhymes: -ad
• Homophone: grades

Noun

grade m (plural grades)

1. rank
2. (geometry) gradian

Synonyms

• degré
• rang

Derived terms

• en prendre pour son grade
• monter en grade

Related terms

• gradation
• grader

Descendants

• ? English: grade
• ? Romanian: grad

Further reading

• “grade” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Galician

Etymology

13th century. From Old Galician and Old Portuguese grade (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cratis, cratem (“wickerwork”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???aðe?/

Noun

grade f (plural grades)

1. (archaic) cage
2. grate (metal grille)
3. harrow (device dragged across ploughed land to smooth the soil)
   • 1474, Antonio López Ferreiro (ed.), Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática. Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 74:

     Iten, preçaron duas grades e hun chedeiro e dous temoos de cerna, a parte dos menores em quorenta :XL -? maravedis

     Item, they appraised two harrows, a cart's bed and two shafts of heartwood, the part corresponding to the kids, 40 coins

4. any similarly formed frame or structure
5. common starfish (Asterias rubens)

   Synonyms: estrela do mar, rapacricas

6. Ursa Major

   Synonyms: Carro, Osa Maior

Derived terms

• gradar

References

• “grade” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
• “grade” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “grade” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “grade” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “grade” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Portuguese grade, from Latin cratis, cratem, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *krtis.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /???a.ð?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /???a.d?i/
• Hyphenation: gra?de

Noun

grade f (plural grades)

1. grate (metal grille)
2. a light fence
3. harrow (device dragged across ploughed land to smooth the soil)
4. grid

Verb

grade

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of gradar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of gradar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of gradar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of gradar

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??rade]

Noun

grade n

1. indefinite plural of grad

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

grade (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. vocative singular of grad

Spanish

Verb

grade

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of gradar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of gradar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of gradar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of gradar.

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: k?nt, IPA^(key): /kænt/
• Rhymes: -ænt
• Homophone: can't (US), Homophone: Kant (in anglicized pronunciation)

Etymology 1

From Latin cant? probably via Old Northern French canter (“sing, tell”). Doublet of chant.

Noun

cant (usually uncountable, plural cants)

1. (countable) An argot, the jargon of a particular class or subgroup.

   Synonyms: argot, jargon, slang

   • 1836, Three discourses preached before the Congregational Society in Watertown, page 65

2. (countable, uncountable) A private or secret language used by a religious sect, gang, or other group.

   Synonyms: argot, jargon, slang

3. A language spoken by some Irish Travellers; Shelta.
4. (uncountable, derogatory) Empty, hypocritical talk.
   • 1903, Samuel Butler, The Way of All Flesh, ch 46:

     ... he knew very well that if they thought him clever they were being taken in, but it pleased him to have been able to take them in, and he tried to do so still further; he was therefore a good deal on the look-out for cants that he could catch and apply in season, and might have done himself some mischief thus if he had not been ready to throw over any cant as soon as he had come across another more nearly to his fancy ...

5. (uncountable) Whining speech, such as that used by beggars.
6. (countable, heraldry) A blazon of a coat of arms that makes a pun upon the name (or, less often, some attribute or function) of the bearer, canting arms.
7. (obsolete) A call for bidders at a public fair; an auction.

Related terms

Translations

Verb

cant (third-person singular simple present cants, present participle canting, simple past and past participle canted)

1. (intransitive) To speak with the jargon of a class or subgroup.
2. (intransitive) To speak in set phrases.
3. (intransitive) To preach in a singsong fashion, especially in a false or empty manner.
4. (intransitive, heraldry) Of a blazon, to make a pun that references the bearer of a coat of arms.
5. (obsolete) To sell by auction, or bid at an auction.

See also

• jargon
• sociolect

Etymology 2

From Middle English cant (“edge, brink”), from Middle Dutch cant (“point, side, edge”) (Modern Dutch kant (“side, edge”)), ultimately of Celtic or Latin origin. Related to Medieval Latin cantus (“corner, side”), from Latin canthus.

Noun

cant (plural cants)

1. (obsolete) Side, edge, corner, niche.
2. Slope, the angle at which something is set.
3. A corner (of a building).

   Synonym: corner

4. An outer or external angle.
5. An inclination from a horizontal or vertical line; a slope or bevel; a tilt.

   Synonyms: bevel, slope, tilt

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Totten to this entry?)

6. A movement or throw that overturns something.
   • 1830, The Edinburgh Encyclopedia, volume 3, page 621

     It is not only of great service in keeping the boat in her due position on the sea, but also in creating a tendency immediately to recover from any sudden cant, or lurch, from a heavy wave; and it is besides beneficial in diminishing the violence of beating against the sides of the vessel which she may go to relieve.

7. A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse, producing a bias or change of direction; also, the bias or turn so given.

8. (coopering) A segment forming a side piece in the head of a cask.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)

9. A segment of the rim of a wooden cogwheel.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)

10. (nautical) A piece of wood laid upon the deck of a vessel to support the bulkheads.

Derived terms

• cantrail

Related terms

• cantilever

Translations

Verb

cant (third-person singular simple present cants, present participle canting, simple past and past participle canted)

1. (transitive) To set (something) at an angle.

   to cant a cask; to cant a ship

2. (transitive) To give a sudden turn or new direction to.

   to cant round a stick of timber; to cant a football

3. (transitive) To bevel an edge or corner.
4. (transitive) To overturn so that the contents are emptied.

Translations

Etymology 3

Unknown, but compare Provençal cantel (“corner, piece”) or Old Northern French cantel (“piece broken off”). The verb is attested from the 15th century, and the noun from the 16th.

Verb

cant (third-person singular simple present cants, present participle canting, simple past and past participle canted)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To divide or parcel out.

Noun

cant (plural cants)

1. (regional, forestry) A parcel, a division.

Etymology 4

From Middle English cant, kaunt, presumably from Middle Low German *kant. Compare Dutch kant (“neat, clever”). Attested from the 13th or 14th century.

Alternative forms

• kant

Adjective

cant (not comparable)

1. (Britain, dialect) Lively, lusty.

References

Further reading

• Cant (language) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• NCTA, T-Can

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan cant, from Latin cantus.

Noun

cant m (plural cants)

1. song

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?kant/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /?kan/

Synonyms

• cançó

Related terms

• cantar

Italian

Noun

cant m (invariable)

1. Apocopic form of canto

Middle English

Etymology

Possibly from Middle Low German *kant.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kant/

Adjective

cant

1. (Scotland, Northern England) bold, lively, cant
   • c. 1340, Cursor Mundi, Cotton Vespasian A iii, lines 8943-46:

     Iuus þat war sa cant and kene, / Quen þai had þis meracles sene, / þai drou it þen and mad a brig / Ouer a litel burn to lig

     Jews who were so bold and ready, when they had seen this miracle, pulled it out and made a bridge over a little stream to lie

Descendants

• English: cant (dialectal)
• Scots: cant

Romanian

Etymology

From German Kante.

Noun

cant n (plural canturi)

1. edge

Declension

Scots

Alternative forms

• kant

Etymology

From Middle English cant (“bold, lively”)

Adjective

cant

1. (Middle Scots) lively
   • 1513, Gavin Douglas (translator), Virgil (author), Aeneid:

     The cadgyar callis furth his capill with crakkis wail cant

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kant/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *kant, from Proto-Celtic *kantom, from Proto-Indo-European *?m?tóm.

Numeral

cant (ordinal canfed)

1. one hundred

Usage notes

• Preceding a noun, cant takes the form can.
• Cardinals following cant employ a (“and”) as a connecting word, which stands in contrast to ordinals after canfed, which use wedi'r (“past the, after the”), e.g. cant ac un (“one hundred and one”) but cyntaf wedi'r cant (“hundred-and-first”).

Derived terms

• hanner cant (“fifty”)
• cant a hanner (“one hundred and fifty”)
• dau gant (“two hundred”)
• tri chant (“three hundred”)
• pum cant (“five hundred”)

Noun

cant m (plural cannoedd)

1. hundred
2. century

Etymology 2

Middle Welsh, from Proto-Celtic *kantos (“corner, rim”). Related to Breton kant (“circle”), Old Irish cétad (“round seat”).

Noun

cant m (plural cantau)

1. hoop
2. rim

Mutation

References

• Definition from the BBC
• Hoops, Johannes (1973): Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde, Volume 16, p. 445