different between graben vs horst

English

Etymology

Borrowed from German Graben (“ditch”), from the verb graben (“to dig”).

Noun

graben (plural grabens or graben)

1. (geology) An elongated block of the Earth's crust, bounded by faults, that has dropped relative to the surrounding area.

   Antonym: horst

   Coordinate term: fault

   Hyponym: rift valley

   • 1959, Robert G. Yates, George A. Thompson, Geology and Quicksilver Deposits of the Terlingua District, Texas, U. S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 312, page 49,

     The magnitude and shape of the large grabens strongly suggest that, when they formed, material much more mobile than ordinary rocks was present at a depth no greater than a few miles.

   • 1969, V. V. Beloussov, Contintal Rifts, Pembroke J. Hart (editor), The Earth's Crust and Upper Mantle, page 539,

     This system includes the Syrian and Lebanese grabens; the grabens of the Dead Sea, Wadi al Arabah, Gulfs of Aqaba and Suez, Red Sea, and Gulf of Aden; and the Ethiopian graben.

   • 1997, Jean-Marie Rouchy, 2: Paleogene Continental Rift System of Western Europe, Georges Busson, B. Charlotte Schreiber (editors), Sedimentary Deposition in Rift and Foreland Basins in France and Spain (Paleogene and Lower Neogene), page 83,

     Migration of the subsidence axis has been revealed by the detailed sedimentological studies in most of these grabens, particularly in the Bresse basin (Curial 1986; Moretto 1986/1987) and in Manosque-Forcalquier.

   • 2015, C. F. Burgess, et al., Chapter 35: The Structural and Stratigraphic Evolution of Lake Tanganyika: A Case Study of Continental Rifting, W. Manspeizer (editor), Triassic-Jurassic Rifting: Continental Breakup and the Origin of the Atlantic Ocean and Passive Margins, Part A, page 866,

     These distinct zones of strike-slip or scissor faulting which separate adjacent half-grabens were termed interbasinal ridges and hinged highs by Rosendahl et al. (1986).

Derived terms

• half-graben

Translations

Further reading

• graben on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Bergan, banger

German

Etymology

From Old High German graban, from Proto-Germanic *graban?, from Proto-Indo-European *g?r?b?- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”). Cognate with English grave (“to dig”).

Compare Serbo-Croatian gr?b and groblje (“grave”), German Grab (“grave”), Czech and Slovak hrob (“grave”), Polish grób (“grave”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???a?b?n/, [???a?bm?]

Verb

graben (class 6 strong, third-person singular present gräbt, past tense grub, past participle gegraben, past subjunctive grübe, auxiliary haben)

1. (transitive or intransitive) to dig
2. (transitive, intransitive or reflexive, of an animal) to burrow

Conjugation

Derived terms

• Graben (noun)
• aufgraben
• ausgraben
• begraben
• eingraben
• Grabmal n
• vergraben

Related terms

• Grab

Further reading

• “graben” in Duden online

Spanish

Verb

graben

1. Second-person plural (ustedes) imperative form of grabar.
2. Second-person plural (ustedes) present subjunctive form of grabar.
3. Third-person plural (ellos, ellas, also used with ustedes^?) present subjunctive form of grabar.

English

Etymology

German Horst (“heap”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /h??st/

Noun

horst (plural horsts)

1. (geology) An area of the earth's surface which is raised relative to surrounding land.
   • 1927, George Rogers Mansfield, Geography, Geology, and Mineral Resources of Part of Southeastern Idaho, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 152, page 390,

     The classic example has been the Rhine Valley graben with the Vosges Mountains and the Schwarzwald as adjacent horsts.

   • 1963, F. Geukens, S. D. Bowers (translator), Geology of the Arabian Peninsula: Yemen, U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 560-B, page B19,

     Innumerable faults, in fact, cut through the country, many bounding secondary grabens and horsts.

   • 1968, Anthony Burgess, Enderby Outside, page 83:

     Your body is a horst and mine a graben, because horst is the opposite of graben.

   • 2011, James Petersen, Dorothy Sack, Robert Gabler, Physical Geography, 10th Edition, page 393,

     Horsts and grabens are rock structural features that are identified by the nature of the offset of rock units along normal faults; topographically, horsts form mountain ranges and grabens form basins.

Antonyms

• (area of earth's surface raised relative to surrounding land): graben

Translations

Anagrams

• Short, Stohr, hotrs, short, thors, trosh

Dutch

Etymology

Cognate with English horst and German Horst (“horst; eyrie”).

Pronunciation

Noun

horst f (plural horsten, diminutive horstje n)

1. (geology) an area of the earth's surface which is raised relative to surrounding land; a horst
2. an elevated land overgrown with shrub
3. a nest of a bird of prey; an eyrie