different between glad vs jovial

English

Etymology

From Middle English glad, gled, from Old English glæd (“shining; bright; cheerful; glad”), from Proto-Germanic *gladaz (“shiny; gleaming; radiant; happy; glossy; smooth; flat”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?lad?-, from *??elh?- (“to shine”).

Cognate with Scots gled, glaid (“shining; bright; glad”), Saterland Frisian glääd (“smooth; sleek”), West Frisian glêd (“smooth”), Dutch glad (“smooth; sleek; slippery”), German glatt (“smooth; sleek; slippery”), Danish, Norwegian and Swedish glad (“glad; happy; cheerful”), Icelandic glaður (“glad; joyful; cheery”), Latin glaber (“smooth; hairless; bald”). Doublet of glatt.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?læd/
• Rhymes: -æd

Adjective

glad (comparative gladder or more glad, superlative gladdest or most glad)

1. Pleased, happy, gratified.

   • A wise son maketh a glad father.

   • 1595, William Shakespeare, Richard II, Act III Scene 2

     Glad am I that your highness is so arm'd / To bear the tidings of calamity.

   • "I was dragged up at the workhouse school till I was twelve. Then I ran away and sold papers in the streets, and anything else that I could pick up a few coppers by—except steal. I never did that. I always made up my mind I'd be a big man some day, and—I'm glad I didn't steal."

2. (obsolete) Having a bright or cheerful appearance; expressing or exciting joy; producing gladness.
   • 1590, Philip Sidney, Arcadia

     Her conversation / More glad to me than to a miser money is.

Antonyms

• sorrowful
• sad
• downcast
• peevish
• cranky
• heavy
• depressed

Derived terms

• engladden
• gladden
• gladly

Translations

Verb

glad (third-person singular simple present glads, present participle gladding, simple past and past participle gladded)

1. (archaic, transitive) To make glad

   Synonyms: cheer up, gladden, exhilarate

   • that which gladded all the warrior train

   • 1922, A. E. Housman, Epithalamium, line 3

     God that glads the lover's heart

Breton

Alternative forms

• gwlad

Etymology

From Middle Breton gloat (“kingdom, wealth”), from Proto-Brythonic *gwlad, from Proto-Celtic *wlatis (“sovereignty”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?wélh?tis ~ *h?wl?h?téy-, from the root *h?welh?-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?l??t/

Noun

glad f (plural gladoù)

1. arable land
2. patrimony, estate
3. (archaic) territory, country
4. (archaic) feudal domain

Inflection

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse glaðr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?lad/, [??læð]
• Rhymes: -ad

Adjective

glad (neuter glad, plural and definite singular attributive glade, comparative gladere, superlative (predicative) gladest, superlative (attributive) gladeste)

1. happy, glad

References

• “glad” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch glat, from Old Dutch *glad, from Proto-Germanic *gladaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?l?t/
• Hyphenation: glad
• Rhymes: -?t

Adjective

glad (comparative gladder, superlative gladst)

1. smooth, polished
2. slippery

Inflection

Derived terms

• gladheid
• gladjanus
• spekglad
• spiegelglad

Adverb

glad

1. completely, entirely (mostly along with verbs and adjective with a negative meaning)

Usage notes

The usage as an adverb is highly restricted to verbs such as vergeten (“to forget”) and bederven (“to spoil, to rot”) and adjectives such as mis (“wrong, incorrect”) and verkeerd (“wrong, incorrect”).

Middle English

Alternative forms

• glade, gladde, glaid, gled

Etymology

From Old English glæd, from Proto-West Germanic *glad.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?la?d/, /?lad/

Adjective

glad

1. joyful, merry, happy

Descendants

• English: glad
• Scots: gled, glaid
• Yola: glaude

References

• “gl??d, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse glaðr

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /????/, /?l??/

Adjective

glad (neuter singular glad, definite singular and plural glade, comparative gladere, indefinite superlative gladest, definite superlative gladeste)

1. happy, glad

References

• “glad” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse glaðr. Akin to English glad.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?l??/

Adjective

glad (neuter singular glad, definite singular and plural glade, comparative gladare, indefinite superlative gladast, definite superlative gladaste)

1. happy, glad

References

• “glad” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gladaz

Adjective

glad

1. glad

Declension

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *gold?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?lâ?d/

Noun

gl?d f (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. hunger

   ko radi, ne boji se gladi

Declension

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish glaþer, from Old Norse glaðr, from Proto-Germanic *gladaz, from Proto-Indo-European *g?lad?-, derivation of Proto-Indo-European *g?el- (“to shine”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?l??d/

Adjective

glad (comparative gladare, superlative gladast)

1. happy, glad

Declension

Anagrams

• lagd

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French jovial (“jolly, jovial”), from Italian gioviale (“jolly, jovial; (obsolete) born under the influence of the planet Jupiter”), from Latin iovi?lis (“relating to the Roman god Jupiter”), from Iuppiter, Iovis (“the Roman god Jove or Jupiter, counterpart of the Greek god Zeus”) (from Proto-Indo-European *dyew- (“to be bright; heaven, sky”)) + -?lis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); analysable as Jove +? -ial.

Sense 1 (“cheerful and good-humoured”) refers to the fact that individuals born under the astrological influence of the planet Jupiter were believed to have that disposition.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?d???.v?.?l/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?d?o?.v?.?l/
• Hyphenation: jov?i?al

Adjective

jovial (comparative more jovial, superlative most jovial)

1. (comparable) Cheerful and good-humoured; jolly, merry.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:happy

   Antonyms: saturnine; see also Thesaurus:sad
2. (not comparable, astrology, obsolete) Pertaining to the astrological influence of the planet Jupiter; having the characteristics of a person under such influence (see sense 1).

Alternative forms

• joviall (obsolete)

Derived terms

• joviality
• jovially
• jovialness

Related terms

• Jove
• Jovial
• Jovian

Translations

References

Further reading

• Jupiter on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Jupiter (mythology) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• jovial (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• jovial in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• jovial in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• jovial at OneLook Dictionary Search

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian gioviale, from Latin iovi?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??.vjal/
• Homophones: joviale, joviales

Adjective

jovial (feminine singular joviale, masculine plural joviaux, feminine plural joviales)

1. jovial, jolly

Descendants

• ? Czech: žoviální

Further reading

• “jovial” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

German

Etymology

Borrowed from French jovial, from Italian gioviale, from Latin iovi?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jo?via?l/

Adjective

jovial

1. jovial

Further reading

• “jovial” in Duden online

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From German jovial, from Latin jovialis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ju.vi.a?l/, [j?.??.?a?l]

Adjective

jovial (neuter singular jovialt, definite singular and plural joviale)

1. jovial

References

“jovial” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From German jovial, from Latin jovialis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ju.vi.a?l/, [j?.??.?a?l]

Adjective

jovial (neuter singular jovialt, definite singular and plural joviale)

1. jovial

References

“jovial” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin iovi?lis.

Adjective

jovial m or f (plural joviais, comparable)

1. jovial; merry, cheerful

Romanian

Etymology

From French jovial

Adjective

jovial m or n (feminine singular jovial?, masculine plural joviali, feminine and neuter plural joviale)

1. jocose

Declension

Related terms

• jovialitate

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin iovi?lis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xo?bjal/, [xo???jal]

Adjective

jovial (plural joviales)

1. Jovian
2. cheerful, jovial

Derived terms

• jovialidad
• jovialmente

Further reading

• “jovial” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.