different between girder vs spandrel

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /???(?)d?(?)/
• Rhymes: -??(r)d?(r)

Noun

girder (plural girders)

1. A beam of steel, wood, or reinforced concrete, used as a main horizontal support in a building or structure.
2. One who girds; a satirist.

Translations

See also

• truss

Anagrams

• Grider, gerrid

English

Alternative forms

• spandril

Etymology

From a diminutive of Anglo-Norman spaundre, of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old French espandre (“to expand, extend, spread”). In the field of biology first used by Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin.

Noun

spandrel (plural spandrels)

1. (architecture) The space (often more or less triangular) between the outer curve of an arch (the extrados) and a straight-sided figure that bounds it; the space between two contiguous arches and a straight feature above them.

   Coordinate term: pendentive

2. (architecture) Horizontal member between the windows of successive storeys of a tall building.
   • 2002, Kerstin Lang, Seismic Vulnerability of Existing Buildings, vdf Hochschulverlag AG, page 25,

     Due to the fact that the walls are joined by floors and spandrels, a coupling effect is produced. Depending on the extent of the spandrels, this coupling effect will be bigger or smaller.

3. (architecture) The triangular space under a stair; the material that fills the space.
4. An oriental rug having a pattern of arches; the design in the corners of such a rug, especially in a prayer rug.
5. (evolutionary theory) A phenotypic characteristic that evolved as a side effect of an adaptation in response to evolutionary pressure.
   • 2009, Anna R. Kinsella, Language Evolution and Syntactic Theory, Cambridge University Press (?ISBN), page 13:

     Another type of theory emphasises the sometimes accidental nature of evolution. A spandrel is a structure arising as a by-product of some other architectural configuration. In evolutionary terms, a spandrel is some trait of an organism which emerges not through direct adaptionist or exaptationist means, but rather as a side effect of some other evolutionary development.

Derived terms

• spandrelled

Translations

See also

• exaptation

Further reading

• spandrel on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• spandrel (biology) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

References