different between genus vs school

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin genus (“birth, origin, a race, sort, kind”) from the root gen- in Latin gignere, Old Latin gegnere (“to beget, produce”). Doublet of gender, genre, and kin.

Pronunciation

• (UK) enPR: j?n’-?s, j?n’-?s, IPA^(key): /?d?i?n?s/, /?d??n?s/
• (US) enPR: j?n’-?s, IPA^(key): /?d?i?n?s/
• Rhymes: -i?n?s

Noun

genus (plural genera or (both nonstandard) genuses or genusses)

1. (biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below family (Lat. familia) and above species.
   1. A taxon at this rank.

   All magnolias belong to the genus Magnolia.

   Other species of the genus Bos are often called cattle or wild cattle.

   There are only two genera and species of seadragons.
2. A group with common attributes.
3. (topology, graph theory, algebraic geometry) A natural number representing any of several related measures of the complexity of a given manifold or graph.
4. (semantics) Within a definition, a broader category of the defined concept.

Usage notes

• (biology, taxonomy, rank in the classification of organisms): See generic name, binomial nomenclature.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:class

Hyponyms

• (topology, graph theory): Euler genus

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

See also

• (semantics): differentia
• (biological taxa):

• domain
• kingdom
• phylum/division
• class
• order
• family
• supergenus
• genus
  • subgenus, section, series
• species

Further reading

• genus in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• genus in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• Negus, negus

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin genus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?e?nus/, [???e?nus]

Noun

genus n (plural indefinite genus or genera)

1. (biology, taxonomy) genus

   Synonym: slægt

2. (grammar) gender

   Synonym: køn

Further reading

• genus on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin genus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??e?.n?s/
• Hyphenation: ge?nus

Noun

genus n (plural genera)

1. (botany) a rank in a taxonomic classification, in between family and species.

   Synonym: geslacht

2. (botany) a taxon at this rank

   Synonym: geslacht

3. (linguistics) gender

   Synonym: geslacht

Derived terms

• subgenus
• supergenus

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??enus/, [??e?nus?]
• Rhymes: -enus
• Syllabification: ge?nus

Noun

genus

1. (botany) Synonym of suku (“genus”)
2. (topology) genus

   Synonym: suku

Declension

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /??e.nus/, [???n?s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?d??e.nus/, [?d????nus]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *genos, from Proto-Indo-European *?énh?os (“race”), from Proto-Indo-European *?enh?- (“to produce, beget”); compare also g?ns, from the same root. Cognates include Ancient Greek ????? (génos, “race, stock, kin, kind”), Sanskrit ???? (jánas, “race, class of beings”), Proto-Celtic *genos (“birth; family”), and English kin.

Noun

genus n (genitive generis); third declension

1. birth, origin, lineage, descent
2. kind, type, class
3. species (of animal or plant), race (of people)
4. set, group (with common attributes)
5. (grammar) gender
   • 6th century, Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus (attributed): Commentarium de oratione et de octo partibus orationis. In: „Patrologiae cursus completus sive Bibliotheca universalis, integra, uniformis, commoda, oeconomica, omnium ss. patrum, doctorum scriptorumque ecclesiasticorum qui ab aevo apostolico ad innocentii III tempora floruerunt; […] . Series prima, in qua prodeunt patres, doctores scriptoresque ecclesiae latinae a tertulliano ad gregorium magnum. Accurante J.-P. Migne, cursuum completorum in singulos scientiae ecclesiaticae ramos editore. Patrologiae tomus LXX. Cassiodori tomus posterior. – Magni Aurelii Cassiodori senatoris, viri patricii, consularis, et vivariensis abbatis opera omnia in duos tomos distributa, ad fidem manuscriptiorum codicum emendata et aucta, notis, observationibus et indicibus locupletata, praecedente auctoris vita, quae nunc primum in lucem prodit cum dissertatione de ejus monarchatu. Opera et studio J. Garetii monarchi ordinis sancti Benedicti e congregatione sancti mauri. Nobis autem curantibus accesserunt complexiones in epistolas b. Pauli quas edidit et annotavit scipio Maffeius. Tomus posterior. – Parisiis, venit apud editorem, in via dicta d'amboise, près la barriere d'enfer, ou petit-montrouge. 1847“, p. 1225

     Genera nominum sunt sex: masculinum, ut hic Cato; femininum, ut haec musa; neutrum, ut hoc monile; commune duorum generum, ut hic et haec sacerdos: trium generum, ut hic, et haec, et hoc felix; epicoenon, quod Latine promiscuum dicitur, ut passer, aquila.

     Nouns have six genders: masculine, e.g. hic Cato 'this man Cato'; feminine, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'; neuter, e.g. hoc monile 'this necklace'; common to two genders, e.g. hic et haec sacerdos 'this priest or priestess'; of three genders, e.g. hic, et haec, et hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman or thing'; epicene, called promiscous in Latin, e.g. passer 'sparrow', aquila 'eagle'.

   • 16th century, Andreas Semperius (a.k.a. Andreas Sampere, Andreu Sempere): Andreae Semperii Valentini Alcodiani, doctoris medici, prima grammaticae latinae institutio tribus libris explicata, Majorca/Mallorca, 1819, p.19

     Genera nominum, septem sunt. Masculinum, cui praeponitur hic: ut hic Dominus. Foemineum, cui praeponitur haec: ut haec musa. Neutrum, cui praeponuntur hoc: ut hoc templum. Commune, cui praeponuntur hic, & haec: ut hic, & haec Sacerdos. Omne, cui praeponuntur hic, haec, hoc, vel per tres varias voces inflectitur: ut hic, haec, hoc felix, bonus, bona, bonum. Dubium, quod modo masculinum, modo faemineum, apud Oratores etiam invenitur: ut hic, vel haec dies. Promiscuum, in quo sexus uterque per alterum apparet: ut hic passer, haec aquila, hic lepus.

     Nouns have seven genders. Masculine, which you can precede with hic: hic dominus 'this Lord'. Feminine, which you can precede with haec, e.g. haec musa 'this muse'. Neuter, which you can precede with hoc, e.g. hoc templum 'this temple'. Common, which you can precede with hic and haec: hic & haec sacerdos 'this male or female priest'. Universal, which you can precede with all three of hic, haec, hoc, or which vary in three forms, e.g. hic, haec, hoc felix 'this lucky man, woman, thing', hic bonus, haec bona, hoc bonum 'this good man, good woman, good thing'. Doubtful, which in the orators can be found to be sometimes masculine, sometimes feminine, e.g. hic, vel haec dies 'this day'. Promiscuous, in which a gender appears instead of another, e.g. hic passer 'this sparrow' (always masculine), haec aquila 'this eagle' (always feminine), hic lepus 'this rabbit' (always masculine).

6. (grammar) subtype of word

Declension

Third-declension noun (neuter, imparisyllabic non-i-stem).

Hyponyms

• (grammar, genera nominum): [genus] f?min?num, [genus] mascul?num, [genus] neutrum, genus comm?ne, genus omne
• (grammar, genera verborum): [genus] ?ct?vum, [genus] pass?vum, [genus] neutrum, [genus] comm?ne, [genus] d?p?n?ns, [genus] medium

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun

gen?s

1. genitive singular of gen?

References

• genus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• genus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• genus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin genus.

Noun

genus m or n (definite singular genusen or genuset, indefinite plural genera or genus, definite plural genera or generaa or genusa or genusane)

1. (biology, taxonomy) genus
2. (grammar) gender
3. (grammar) voice

References

• “genus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Swedish

Noun

genus n

1. (grammar) gender (division of nouns and pronouns)
2. (social) gender, sex (social issues of being man or woman)

Usage notes

• Biological gender is called kön. The Latin word genus is used for grammar and more recently for gender studies.

Declension

Synonyms

• (grammar): kön

Related terms

References

• genus in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

• sugen, unges

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: sko?ol, IPA^(key): /sku?l/
• Rhymes: -u?l

Etymology 1

From Middle English scole, schole (“group of persons, multitude, host, school of fish”), from Middle Dutch scole (“multitude, troop of people, swarm of animals”), from Old Dutch *scola, *skola (“troop, multitude”), from Proto-Germanic *skul? (“crowd”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)k?el- (“crowd, people”). Cognate with Middle Low German sch?le (“multitude, troop”), Old English scolu (“troop or band of people, host, multitude, school of fish”). Doublet of shoal. Compare Hebrew ???????????? (“*(s)c?l?–education”), Hebrew ??????????? (“*(s)k?ol–cluster”).

Alternative forms

• skull (obsolete)

Noun

school (plural schools)

2. (collective) A group of fish or a group of marine mammals such as porpoises, dolphins, or whales.

   The divers encountered a huge school of mackerel.

3. A multitude.

Synonyms

• (fish): shoal

Translations

Verb

school (third-person singular simple present schools, present participle schooling, simple past and past participle schooled)

1. (intransitive) (of fish) To form into, or travel in a school.

Etymology 2

From Middle English scole, from Old English sc?l (“place of education”), from Proto-Germanic *sk?la (“school”), from Late Latin schola, scola (“learned discussion or dissertation, lecture, school”), from Ancient Greek ???????? (skholeîon), from ????? (skhol?, “spare time, leisure; conversations and the knowledge gained through them during free time; the places where these conversations took place”), from Proto-Indo-European *se??- (“to hold, have, possess”). Doublet of schola and shul. Compare Old Frisian sk?le, sch?le (“school”) (West Frisian skoalle, Saterland Frisian Skoule), Dutch school (“school”), German Low German School (“school”), Old High German scuola (“school”), Old Norse skóli (“school”).Influenced in some senses by Middle English schole (“group of persons, host, company”), from Middle Dutch scole (“multitude, troop, band”). See school₁. Related also to Old High German sigi (German Sieg, “victory”), Old English si?e, sigor (“victory”).

Alternative forms

• schole (obsolete)

Noun

school (plural schools)

1. (US, Canada) An institution dedicated to teaching and learning; an educational institution.

2. (Britain) An educational institution providing primary and secondary education, prior to tertiary education (college or university).
3. (Britain) At Eton College, a period or session of teaching.

4. Within a larger educational institution, an organizational unit, such as a department or institute, which is dedicated to a specific subject area.

5. An art movement, a community of artists.

   The Barbizon school of painters were part of an art movement towards Realism in art, which arose in the context of the dominant Romantic Movement of the time.

6. (considered collectively) The followers of a particular doctrine; a particular way of thinking or particular doctrine; a school of thought.
   • 1660, Jeremy Taylor, The Worthy Communicant; or a Discourse of the Nature, Effects, and Blessings consequent to the worthy receiving of the Lords Supper

     Let no man be less confident in his faith […] by reason of any difference of judgment , which is in the several schools of Christians.

7. The time during which classes are attended or in session in an educational institution.

8. The room or hall in English universities where the examinations for degrees and honours are held.
9. The canons, precepts, or body of opinion or practice, sanctioned by the authority of a particular class or age.

   He was a gentleman of the old school.

   • 1883, Arthur Sherburne Hardy, But Yet a Woman

     His face pale but striking, though not handsome after the schools.

10. An establishment offering specialized instruction, as for driving, cooking, typing, coding, etc.

Synonyms

• (institution dedicated to teaching and learning): academy, college, university
• (organizational unity within an educational institution): college, department, faculty, institute

Hyponyms

• See also Thesaurus:school

Coordinate terms

• (institution providing primary and secondary education): nursery school, kindergarten, college, polytechnic, university

Derived terms

Descendants

Translations

Verb

school (third-person singular simple present schools, present participle schooling, simple past and past participle schooled)

1. (transitive) To educate, teach, or train (often, but not necessarily, in a school).

2. (transitive) To defeat emphatically, to teach an opponent a harsh lesson.
   • 1998, Leigh Jones, "National bar exam methods win in ADA regulation test," The Journal Record, April 13,

     A blind law graduate who put the National Conference of Bar Examiners to the test got schooled in federal court.

   • 2007, Peter David and Alvin Sargent, Spider-Man 3, Simon and Schuster, ?ISBN, pg. 216,

     "You again?" Sandman demanded. "I guess you didn't learn your lesson."

     "This time I'm gonna school you."

3. (transitive) To control, or compose, one's expression.

Derived terms

• schooling

Translations

Further reading

• school on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• school (fish) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• school (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• cholos

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sxo?l/
• Hyphenation: school
• Rhymes: -o?l

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch schôle, from Latin schola, from Ancient Greek ????? (skhol?).

Noun

school f (plural scholen, diminutive schooltje n)

1. A school, educational institution that provides education, whether combined with research or not
2. A thematic educational institute within a larger one, such as in a university for a single research field.
3. Any organisation providing instruction.
4. A movement or stylistic trend.

Derived terms

Descendants

• Afrikaans: skool
  • ? Northern Ndebele: isikolo
  • ? N?uu: skool
  • ? Sotho: sekolo
  • ? Southern Ndebele: isikolo
  • ? Shona: chikoro (through a Nguni intermediate)
  • ? Tsonga: xikolo
  • ? Venda: tshikolo
  • ? Xhosa: isikolo
  • ? Zulu: isikole
• ? Papiamentu: skol
• ? Sranan Tongo: skoro

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch sch?le, from Old Dutch *skola, from Proto-Germanic *skul?, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)k?el- (“crowd, people”).

Noun

school f (plural scholen, diminutive schooltje n)

1. A school, group of fish or other aquatic animals.

Derived terms

• samenscholen

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

school

1. singular past indicative of schuilen
2. first-person singular present indicative of scholen
3. imperative of scholen