different between fyrd vs fard

English

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old English fyrd. Doublet of ferd.

Noun

fyrd (plural fyrds)

1. (historical) In early Anglo-Saxon times, an army that was mobilized from freemen to defend their shire, or from select representatives to join a royal expedition.
   • Regia Anglorum - Anglo-Saxon Social Organisation:

     Below the king were the eoldermen, the ruling nobility. The eolderman was the king's 'viceroy' in a shire, responsible for administration and justice, for calling out the fyrd and leading its forces in the field.

Related terms

• landfyrd
• shipfyrd

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fyrd/, [fyr?d]

Noun

fyrd f

1. Alternative form of fierd

Declension

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /f??d/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /f??d/
• Rhymes: -??(?)d

Etymology 1

From Middle English farden (“to apply cosmetics”) or Middle French farder, from Old French farder (“to make up or paint the face; to disguise; to represent in a false light”), from Frankish *farwid?n (“to colour, dye”), from Proto-Germanic *farwiþ?n? (“to colour”), from *farw? (“colour”), from Proto-Indo-European *per?- (“coloured; motley”).

The word is cognate with Icelandic farða, Latin pulcher (“beautiful”), Old High German farwjan (“to colour”) (modern German Farbe (“colour”)), Middle Low German varwe (“colour”) (Low German Farwe (“colour”)), Welsh erch (“dark brown”).

The noun is from French fard (“cosmetics, make-up”), from Old French fart (“cosmetics, make-up”) (masculine) (farde (feminine)); further etymology is uncertain, but a possible derivation is from Old High German gifarwit (“coloured, painted”), past participle of farwjan (“to colour”), from Proto-West Germanic *faru (related to the verb).

Verb

fard (third-person singular simple present fards, present participle farding, simple past and past participle farded)

1. (transitive, archaic) To paint, as the cheeks or face.
2. (transitive, archaic) To embellish or gloss over.

Translations

Noun

fard (countable and uncountable, plural fards)

1. (archaic) Colour or paint, especially white paint, used on the face; makeup, war-paint.

Alternative forms

• faird (16th c., Scotland)
• feard (16th c.)

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English ferd.

Noun

fard (plural fards)

1. (chiefly Scotland, obsolete) Alternative form of faird (“force of movement; impetus, rush; hence, a violent onset”).

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Arabic ?????? (far?, “religious duty”), from ??????? (fara?a, “to ordain, make obligatory, specify”).

Noun

fard (plural fards)

1. (Islam) A commandment from Allah that a Muslim has to fulfil; a religious duty or obligation.

Translations

Adjective

fard (not comparable)

1. (Islam) Required as a matter of religious duty or obligation.

Translations

References

Further reading

• fard (Islam) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• RDFa, darf

French

Etymology

From Middle French, from Old French fard (“make-up, cosmetics”), from farder (“to apply make-up, use cosmetics”), from Old Frankish *farwid?n (“to dye, colour”), from Proto-Germanic *farwiþ?n? (“to colour”), from *farw? (“colour”), from Proto-Indo-European *per?- (“motley, coloured”). Cognate with Old High German farwjan (“to colour”), Middle Low German varwe (“colour”). See more above.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fa?/

Noun

fard m (plural fards)

1. make-up
2. deception

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? English: fard (noun)

Further reading

• “fard” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Etymology

From French farder (“to apply paint, makeup (to the face)”)

Noun

fard m (invariable)

1. blusher, rouge

Maltese

Etymology

From Arabic ?????? (fard).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fart/

Adjective

fard (plural frad or frud)

1. odd (not even)
2. single

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *fardi

Noun

fard f

1. traffic, journey

Descendants

• Middle Low German: vart
  • ? Danish: fart
  • ? Swedish: fart
  • ? Norwegian Bokmål: fart

Romanian

Etymology

From French fard.

Noun

fard n (plural farduri)

1. make-up

Declension