different between further vs elevate

English

Etymology

From Middle English further, forther, from Old English furþor (“further”, adverb), from Proto-West Germanic *furþer, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (a common preposition), equivalent to fore + -ther (a vestigial comparative ending still present in such words as other, either, whether, and, in altered form, in after); or as sometimes stated, as forth +? -er. Cognate with Scots forder, furder, Saterland Frisian foarder, West Frisian fierder, Dutch verder, German fürder.

Pronunciation

• enPR: fûr?th?r IPA^(key): /f??(?)ð?(?)/
• Rhymes: -??(r)ð?(r)

Alternative forms

• farther (See also the usage notes below.)

Verb

further (third-person singular simple present furthers, present participle furthering, simple past and past participle furthered)

1. (transitive) To help forward; to assist.
   • 1885, Richard F. Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, Night 558:

     Upon this he brought me a cotton bag and giving it to me, said, "Take this bag and fill it with pebbles from the beach and go forth with a company of the townsfolk to whom I will give a charge respecting thee. Do as they do and belike thou shalt gain what may further thy return voyage to thy native land."

2. (transitive) To encourage growth; to support progress or growth of something; to promote.

Derived terms

• furtherance
• furtherment
• furthersome

Translations

Adjective

further (not comparable)

1. (comparative form of far) More distant; relatively distant.

   See those two lampposts? Run to the further one.

   He was standing at the further end of the corridor.

2. More, additional.

   I have one further comment to make.

Derived terms

• furtherdom
• furtherhood
• furtherness

Translations

Adverb

further (not comparable)

1. (comparative form of far) To, at or over a greater distance in space, time or other extent.
2. (comparative form of far) To a greater extent or degree.

   Of the two civilisations, this one was further advanced.

   I do not propose to discuss it any further. - Please, let me explain just a little further.

3. Beyond what is already stated or is already the case.

   Chapter 10 further explains the ideas introduced in Chapter 9.

   Don't confuse things further.

   Further, affiant sayeth naught. (A formal statement ending a deposition or affidavit, immediately preceding the affiant's signature.)
4. (conjunctive) Also; in addition; furthermore; moreover.

   It is overlong, and further, it makes no sense.

   • 1924, Aristotle, W. D. Ross (translator), Metaphysics, Book 1, Part 6,

     Further, besides sensible things and Forms he says there are the objects of mathematics, which occupy an intermediate position, […] .

5. (in the phrase 'further to') Following on (from).

   Further to our recent telephone call, I am writing to clarify certain points raised.

   This example is further to the one on page 17.

Derived terms

• furthermore

Translations

Usage notes

In respect of general adjectival and adverbial use, some usage guides distinguish farther and further, with farther referring to distance, and further referring to degree or time. Others, such as the OED, recommend farther as a comparative form of far and further for use when it is not comparative. However, most authorities consider the two interchangeable in most or all circumstances, and historically, they were not distinguished.

Farther is uncommon or old-fashioned in certain subsidiary senses, such as the adjectival sense of "more, additional" and the adverbial sense "moreover". It is virtually never used as a replacement for "further" in the phrase "further to".

As a verb, further greatly predominates over farther in modern English.

See also

• far

References

English

Etymology

From Latin elevatus, past participle of elevare (“to raise, lift up”), from e (“out”) + levare (“to make light, to lift”), from levis (“light”); see levity and lever.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??l?ve?t/

Verb

elevate (third-person singular simple present elevates, present participle elevating, simple past and past participle elevated)

1. (transitive) To raise (something) to a higher position.

   Synonyms: lift, raise

   Antonyms: drop, lower

   • 1534, William Marshall and George Joye, A Prymer in Englyshe, London: William Marshall,^[1]

     The Grace or Blessynge of the table to be sayed of chyldren standynge before it, thyr handes eleuated and ioyned to gyder

   • c. 1610, William Shakespeare, The Winter’s Tale, Act V, Scene 2,^[2]

     She had one eye declined for the loss of her husband, another elevated that the oracle was fulfilled:

   • 1750, Samuel Johnson, The Rambler, No. 25, 12 June, 1750, Volume 1, London: J. Payne and J. Bouquet, 1752, p. 216,^[3]

     We know that a few strokes of the axe will lop a cedar; but what arts of cultivation can elevate a shrub?

   • 1896, Joseph Conrad, An Outcast of the Islands, London: T. Fisher Unwin, Part 2, Chapter 5, p. 138,^[4]

     Abdulla expressed his surprise by elevating his eyebrows.

2. (transitive) To promote (someone) to a higher rank.

   Synonyms: exalt, promote

   Antonym: demote

   • 1682, Aphra Behn, The Roundheads or, The Good Old Cause, London: D. Brown et al., Act I, Scene 1, p. 6,^[5]

     Hard Fate of Greatness, We so highly Elevated

     Are more expos’d to Censure than the little ones,

   • 1792, Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, London: J. Johnson, Part 1, Chapter 1, p. 24,^[6]

     Nothing can set the regal character in a more contemptible point of view, than the various crimes that have elevated men to the supreme dignity.

   • 1961, Joseph Heller, Catch-22, New York: Dell, Chapter 29, p. 334,^[7]

     […] that’s the way things go when you elevate mediocre people to positions of authority.

   • 2014, A. D. Wright, The Early Modern Papacy

     Much has also been made recently of the distorting effects exerted on the administration of Urban VIII by the interests of the Barberini nephews, especially of the two elevated to cardinal status.

   • 2014, Guy W. Lecky-Thompson, Inside SharePoint 2007 Administration (page 55)

     At that point, you have to elevate the account's rights, activate the feature, and then demote the account again.

3. (transitive) To confer honor or nobility on (someone).

   Synonyms: ennoble, exalt, honor

   • 1591, Edmund Spenser, “Virgils Gnat” in Complaints, London: William Ponsonbie,^[8]

     That none, whom fortune freely doth aduaunce,

     Himselfe therefore to heauen should eleuate:

     For loftie type of honour through the glaunce

     Of enuies dart, is downe in dust prostrate;

4. (transitive) To make (something or someone) more worthy or of greater value.
   • 1682, John Dryden, The Medal, Edinburgh, “Epistle to the Whigs,”^[9]

     […] if you encourage a young Beginner, who knows but he may elevate his stile a little,

   • 1768, William Gilpin, An Essay upon Prints, London: J. Robson, Chapter 1, p. 33,^[10]

     He is the true artist, who copies nature; but, where he finds her mean, elevates her from his own ideas of beauty.

   • 1850, Charles Dickens, David Copperfield, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, Volume 2, Chapter 4, p. 60,^[11]

     You can’t think how it elevates him in my opinion, to know for certain that he’s really conscientious!

5. (transitive) To direct (the mind, thoughts, etc.) toward more worthy things.
   • 1665, Robert Boyle, Occasional Reflections upon Several Subjects, London: Henry Herringman, Section 4, Chapter 4, pp. 73-74,^[12]

     […] the devout Christian improves the Blessings he receives of this inferiour World, to elevate his mind above it:

   • 1999, Ahdaf Soueif, The Map of Love, New York: Anchor Books, 2000, Chapter 18,^[13]

     On the whole I would regard serious art as a means to elevate the emotions and educate the spirit […]

6. (transitive) To increase the intensity or degree of (something).

   Synonyms: increase, raise

   Antonyms: decrease, diminish, lower, reduce

   1. (dated) To increase the loudness of (a sound, especially one's voice).
      • 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, London: A. Millar, Volume 5, Book 14, Chapter 10, p. 191,^[14]

        […] the Uncle had more than once elevated his Voice, so as to be heard down Stairs;
7. (transitive, obsolete) To lift the spirits of (someone)

   Synonyms: cheer up, elate

   Antonyms: depress, sadden

   • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book 8, lines 633-634,^[15]

     […] Hope elevates, and joy

     Bright’ns his Crest,

   • 1759, Adam Smith, The Theory of Moral Sentiments, Edinburgh: A. Kincaid and J. Bell, Part 1, Section 2, Chapter 1, p. 20,^[16]

     It gives us the spleen […] to see another too happy or too much elevated, as we call it, with any little piece of good fortune.

8. (dated, colloquial, humorous) To intoxicate in a slight degree; to make (someone) tipsy.
   • 1755, George Colman and Bonnell Thornton, The Connoisseur, No. 91, 23 October, 1755, Volume 2, London: R. Baldwin, 1756, p. 557,^[17]

     Steele entertained them till he was tipsy; when the same wine that stupified him, only served to elevate Addison, who took up the ball just as Steele dropt it, and kept it up for the rest of the evening.

   • 1791, James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, London: Charles Dilly, Volume 2, 1778,^[18]

     [Johnson,] from drinking only water, supposed every body who drank wine to be elevated

   • 1822, Walter Scott, Peveril of the Peak, Edinburgh: Archibald, Constable, Volume 1, Chapter 3, p. 92,^[19]

     […] the elevated Cavaliers […] sent to Roger Raine of the Peveril Arms […] for two tubs of merry stingo

9. (obsolete, Latinism) To attempt to make (something) seem less important, remarkable, etc.

   Synonyms: lessen, detract, disparage

   • 1660, Jeremy Taylor, Ductor Dubitantium, London: Richard Royston, Volume 1, Chapter 4, Rule 2, p. 126,^[20]

     […] the Arabian Physicians […] endevour to elevate and lessen the thing [i.e. belief in the virgin birth of Jesus], by saying, It is not wholly beyond the force of nature, that a Virgin should conceive […]

Related terms

• elevatable
• elevation
• elevator
• elevatory

Translations

Adjective

elevate (comparative more elevate, superlative most elevate)

1. (obsolete) Elevated; raised aloft.
   • 1548, Edward Hall, The Union of the Two Noble and Illustre Families of Lancastre and Yorke, London: Richard Grafton, Henry VII, year 6,^[21]

     The sayde crosse was .iii. tymes deuoutly eleuate, and at euery exaltacion, ye Moores beyng within the cytie, roared, howled and cryed,

   • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book 2, lines 567-578,^[22]

     Others apart sat on a Hill retir’d,

     In thoughts more elevate,

Further reading

• elevate in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• elevate in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Italian

Verb

elevate

1. second-person plural present indicative of elevare
2. second-person plural imperative of elevare
3. feminine plural of elevato

Latin

Verb

?lev?te

1. second-person plural present active imperative of ?lev?