different between forlorn vs downcast
forlorn
English
Etymology
From Middle English forlorn, forloren, from Old English forloren (past participle of forl?osan (“to lose”)), from Proto-Germanic *fraluzanaz (“lost”), past participle of Proto-Germanic *fraleusan? (“to lose”), equivalent to for- +? lorn. Cognate with West Frisian ferlern (“lost”), Saterland Frisian ferlädden (“lost”), Dutch verloren (“lost”), German Low German verloren (“lost”),German verloren (“lost”), Swedish förlorad (“lost”). See further at lese/leese, lorn.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /f??l??n/, /f??-/
- (General American) IPA(key): /f???l??n/
- Rhymes: -??(?)n
- Hyphenation: for?lorn
Adjective
forlorn (comparative forlorner or more forlorn, superlative forlornest or most forlorn)
- Abandoned, deserted, left behind.
- Miserable, as when lonely after being abandoned.
- Synonym: forsaken
- Unlikely to succeed; hopeless.
Alternative forms
- forlorne (obsolete)
Derived terms
- forlornling
- forlornness
- forlornly
Related terms
- forlorn hope
- lovelorn
Translations
Noun
forlorn (plural forlorns) (military)
- A forlorn hope.
- A member of a forlorn hope.
Verb
forlorn
- (obsolete) past participle of forlese.
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downcast
English
Etymology
From Middle English *doun-casten, *adoun-casten (inferred from Middle English adoun-casting (“downcasting”), adoun-cast (“overthrow, destruction”)), modelled similarly to other constructions in Middle English (namely, Middle English adoun-throwen (“to throw down”), adoun-werpen (“to throw down”)), equivalent to down- +? cast.
Pronunciation
- (adjective, noun)
- (General American) IPA(key): /?da?nkæst/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?da?nk??st/
- (verb)
- (General American) IPA(key): /da?n?kæst/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /da?n?k??st/
Adjective
downcast (comparative more downcast, superlative most downcast)
- (of eyes) Looking downwards.
- 1717, John Dryden, Canace to Macareus
- 'Tis love, said she; and then my downcast eyes, / And guilty dumbness, witness'd my surprise.
- 1717, John Dryden, Canace to Macareus
- (of a person) Feeling despondent.
Translations
Noun
downcast (plural downcasts)
- (computing) A cast from supertype to subtype.
- (obsolete) A melancholy look.
- 1619, Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, The Maid's Tragedy
- That downcast of thine eye.
- 1619, Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, The Maid's Tragedy
- (mining) A ventilating shaft down which the air passes in circulating through a mine.
Verb
downcast (third-person singular simple present downcasts, present participle downcasting, simple past and past participle downcast or downcasted)
- (transitive, obsolete) To cast or throw down; to turn downward.
- (transitive, Scotland) To taunt; to reproach; to upbraid.
- (transitive, computing) To cast from supertype to subtype.
- Antonym: upcast
Anagrams
- cast down
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