different between force vs lever
force
English
Pronunciation
- (General American) enPR: fôrs, IPA(key): /f??s/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /f??s/
- (rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) enPR: f?rs, IPA(key): /fo(?)?s/
- (non-rhotic, without the horse–hoarse merger) IPA(key): /fo?s/
- Rhymes: -??(?)s
Etymology 1
From Middle English force, fors, forse, from Old French force, from Late Latin or Vulgar Latin *fortia, from neuter plural of Latin fortis (“strong”).
Noun
force (countable and uncountable, plural forces)
- Strength or energy of body or mind; active power; vigour; might; capacity of exercising an influence or producing an effect.
- Power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power; violence; coercion.
- 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, part II
- which now they hold by force, and not by right
- 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, part II
- (countable) Anything that is able to make a substantial change in a person or thing.
- (countable, physics) A physical quantity that denotes ability to push, pull, twist or accelerate a body and which has a direction and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance/time² (ML/T²): SI: newton (N); CGS: dyne (dyn)
- Something or anything that has the power to produce a physical effect upon something else, such as causing it to move or change shape.
- (countable) A group that aims to attack, control, or constrain.
- 1611, William Shakespeare, Cymbeline
- Is Lucius general of the forces?
- "A fine man, that Dunwody, yonder," commented the young captain, as they parted, and as he turned to his prisoner. "We'll see him on in Washington some day. He is strengthening his forces now against Mr. Benton out there. […]."
- 1611, William Shakespeare, Cymbeline
- (uncountable) The ability to attack, control, or constrain.
- (countable) A magic trick in which the outcome is known to the magician beforehand, especially one involving the apparent free choice of a card by another person.
- (law) Legal validity.
- (law) Either unlawful violence, as in a "forced entry", or lawful compulsion.
- (linguistics, semantics, pragmatics) Ability of an utterance or its element (word, form, prosody, ...) to effect a given meaning.
- (humorous or science fiction, with the, often capitalized) A metaphysical and ubiquitous power from the fictional Star Wars universe created by George Lucas. See usage note. [1977]
- Synonym of police force (“typically with preceding "the"”)
Usage notes
- Adjectives often applied to "force": military, cultural, economic, gravitational, electric, magnetic, strong, weak, positive, negative, attractive, repulsive, good, evil, dark, physical, muscular, spiritual, intellectual, mental, emotional, rotational, tremendous, huge.
- (science fiction): Outside of fiction, the force may be used as an alternative to invoking luck, destiny, or God. For example, the force was with him instead of luck was on his side, or may the force be with you instead of may God be with you.
Hyponyms
Derived terms
- may the Force be with you
- workforce
Related terms
Translations
References
- force on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 2
From Middle English forcen, from Old French forcer, from Late Latin *forti?re, from Latin fortia.
Verb
force (third-person singular simple present forces, present participle forcing, simple past and past participle forced)
- (transitive) To violate (a woman); to rape. [from 14thc.]
- (obsolete, reflexive, intransitive) To exert oneself, to do one's utmost. [from 14thc.]
- And I pray you for my sake to force yourselff there, that men may speke you worshyp.
- (transitive) To compel (someone or something) to do something. [from 15thc.]
- Captain Edward Carlisle […] felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, […]; he could not tell what this prisoner might do. He cursed the fate which had assigned such a duty, cursed especially that fate which forced a gallant soldier to meet so superb a woman as this under handicap so hard.
- 2011, Tim Webb & Fiona Harvey, The Guardian, 23 March:
- Housebuilders had warned that the higher costs involved would have forced them to build fewer homes and priced many homebuyers out of the market.
- (transitive) To constrain by force; to overcome the limitations or resistance of. [from 16thc.]
- (transitive) To drive (something) by force, to propel (generally + prepositional phrase or adverb). [from 16thc.]
- It stuck so fast, so deeply buried lay / That scarce the victor forced the steel away.
- Ethelbert […] ordered that none should be forced into religion.
- 2007, The Guardian, 4 November:
- In a groundbreaking move, the Pentagon is compensating servicemen seriously hurt when an American tank convoy forced them off the road.
- (transitive) To cause to occur (despite inertia, resistance etc.); to produce through force. [from 16thc.]
- 2009, "All things to Althingi", The Economist, 23 July:
- The second problem is the economy, the shocking state of which has forced the decision to apply to the EU.
- 2009, "All things to Althingi", The Economist, 23 July:
- (transitive) To forcibly open (a door, lock etc.). [from 17thc.]
- To obtain or win by strength; to take by violence or struggle; specifically, to capture by assault; to storm, as a fortress.
- (transitive, baseball) To create an out by touching a base in advance of a runner who has no base to return to while in possession of a ball which has already touched the ground.
- (whist) To compel (an adversary or partner) to trump a trick by leading a suit that he/she does not hold.
- (archaic) To put in force; to cause to be executed; to make binding; to enforce.
- c. 1613, John Webster, The Duchess of Malfi
- What can the church force more?
- c. 1613, John Webster, The Duchess of Malfi
- (archaic) To provide with forces; to reinforce; to strengthen by soldiers; to man; to garrison.
- (obsolete) To allow the force of; to value; to care for.
Derived terms
Translations
See also
- Imperial unit: foot pound
- metric unit: newton
- coerce: To control by force.
Etymology 3
From Middle English force, forz, fors, from Old Norse fors (“waterfall”), from Proto-Germanic *fursaz (“waterfall”). Cognate with Icelandic foss (“waterfall”), Norwegian foss (“waterfall”), Swedish fors (“waterfall”). Doublet of foss.
Noun
force (plural forces)
- (countable, Northern England) A waterfall or cascade.
- 1778, Thomas West, A Guide to the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire
- to see the falls or force of the river Kent
- 1778, Thomas West, A Guide to the Lakes in Cumberland, Westmorland, and Lancashire
Derived terms
- forcefall
Translations
Etymology 4
From Middle English forcen, forsen, a use of force, with confusion of farce (“to stuff”).
Verb
force (third-person singular simple present forces, present participle forcing, simple past and past participle forced)
- To stuff; to lard; to farce.
Derived terms
- forcemeat
Further reading
- force at OneLook Dictionary Search
- force in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- force in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Anagrams
- Cofer, Corfe, corfe
French
Etymology
From Middle French force, from Old French force, from Late Latin or Vulgar Latin *fortia, re-analyzed as a feminine singular from the neuter plural of Latin fortis. Compare Catalan força, Portuguese força, Italian forza, Spanish fuerza.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /f??s/
- Rhymes: -??s
- Homophones: forcent, forces
Noun
force f (plural forces)
- force
- strength
Synonyms
- pouvoir
- puissance
- violence
Derived terms
Adjective
force (invariable)
- (archaic) Many; a lot of; a great quantity of.
Verb
force
- first/third-person singular present indicative of forcer
- first/third-person singular present subjunctive of forcer
- second-person singular imperative of forcer
Further reading
- “force” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French force.
Noun
force f (plural forces)
- force (physical effort; physical might)
Descendants
- French: force
Old French
Alternative forms
- forche (Picardy, Old Northern French)
- fors
Etymology
From Late Latin or Vulgar Latin *fortia, re-analyzed as a feminine singular from the neuter plural of Latin fortis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?f?r.t?s?/
Noun
force f (oblique plural forces, nominative singular force, nominative plural forces)
- strength; might
Related terms
- esforcer
- esfort
- fort
- forteresce
Descendants
- Middle French: force
- French: force
- Walloon: foice
- ? Middle English: force / fors / forse
- English: force
Portuguese
Verb
force
- first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of forçar
- third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of forçar
- third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of forçar
- third-person singular (você) negative imperative of forçar
force From the web:
- what force holds the nucleus together
- what force holds atoms together
- what force makes an airplane turn
- what force is represented by the vector
- what forces hindered italian unity
- what forces formed the alps
- what force was holding the anvil up
- what force works against friction
lever
English
Pronunciation
- (Canada) IPA(key): /?li?.v?/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?li?.v?/,
- Hyphenation: lever
- (General American) IPA(key): /?l?.v?/, /?li?.v?/
- Hyphenation: le?ver, Hyphenation: lev?er
- Rhymes: -?v?(?), -i?v?(?)
- Homophones: leaver, Lever (for the pronunciation /?li?v?(?)/)
Etymology 1
From Middle English lever, levore, levour, from Old French leveor, leveur (“a lifter, lever (also Old French and French levier)”), from Latin lev?tor (“a lifter”), from lev? (“to raise”); see levant. Compare alleviate, elevate, leaven.
Noun
lever (plural levers)
- (obsolete, except in generalized senses below) A crowbar.
- 1613, John Marston, William Barksted, The Insatiate Countess, IV.1:
- My lord, I brained him with a lever my neighbour lent me, and he stood by and cried, ‘Strike home, old boy!’
- 1613, John Marston, William Barksted, The Insatiate Countess, IV.1:
- (mechanics) A rigid piece which is capable of turning about one point, or axis (the fulcrum), and in which are two or more other points where forces are applied; — used for transmitting and modifying force and motion.
- Specifically, a bar of metal, wood or other rigid substance, used to exert a pressure, or sustain a weight, at one point of its length, by receiving a force or power at a second, and turning at a third on a fixed point called a fulcrum. It is usually named as the first of the six mechanical powers, and is of three kinds, according as either the fulcrum F, the weight W, or the power P, respectively, is situated between the other two, as in the figures.
- A small such piece to trigger or control a mechanical device (like a button).
- (mechanics) A bar, as a capstan bar, applied to a rotatory piece to turn it.
- (mechanics) An arm on a rock shaft, to give motion to the shaft or to obtain motion from it.
Translations
Verb
lever (third-person singular simple present levers, present participle levering, simple past and past participle levered)
- (transitive) To move with a lever.
- (figuratively, transitive) To use, operate or move (something) like a lever (physically).
- 1961, V. S. Naipaul, A House for Mr Biswas, Vintage International, 2001, Part Two, Chapter 1,
- Suddenly he had levered himself up from the sofa, rocking the lame man violently, and was walking towards the receptionist.
- 1961, V. S. Naipaul, A House for Mr Biswas, Vintage International, 2001, Part Two, Chapter 1,
- (figuratively, transitive) To use (something) like a lever (in an abstract sense).
- 2001, Joshua Cooper Ramo, “Bagging the Butcher,” Time, 9 April, 2001,[3]
- He was a man who levered his way from small-time communist hack to political power by tapping into the most potent vein of historical juice in the Balkans: nationalism.
- 2013, Robert McCrum, “Biographies of the year — review,” The Guardian, 8 December, 2013,[4]
- Credited with pioneering the detective novel, Collins has attracted many biographers over the years, drawn to his extraordinary life and work in the hope of levering open a new understanding of the Victorian psyche.
- 2001, Joshua Cooper Ramo, “Bagging the Butcher,” Time, 9 April, 2001,[3]
- (chiefly Britain, finance) To increase the share of debt in the capitalization of a business.
Translations
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Middle English lever, comparative of leve, leef (“dear, beloved, lief”), equivalent to lief +? -er. Related to German lieber (“rather”).
Alternative forms
- liever
Adverb
lever (not comparable)
- (obsolete) Rather.
- 1530, John Heywood, The Four PP
- for I had lever be without ye / Then have suche besines about ye
- 1537, William Tyndale et al, "Jonah", in The Byble
- Now therefore take my life from me, for I had lever die then live.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faery Queene
- For lever had I die than see his deadly face.
- 1530, John Heywood, The Four PP
Translations
Etymology 3
Borrowed from French lever.
Noun
lever (plural levers)
- (rare) A levee.
- 1742, Miss Robinson, Mrs. Delany's Letters, II.191:
- We do not appear at Phœbus's Levér.
- 2011, Tim Blanning, "The reinvention of the night", Times Literary Supplement, 21 Sep 2011:
- Louis XIV’s day began with a lever at 9 and ended (officially) at around midnight.
- 1742, Miss Robinson, Mrs. Delany's Letters, II.191:
Further reading
- lever in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- lever in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
References
Anagrams
- Revel, elver, revel
Danish
Etymology 1
From Old Danish liuær, from Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *libr?, cognate with English liver and German Leber. The Germanic word may be an irregular remodelling of the Proto-Indo-European word for "liver", *yók?r?, cf. Ancient Greek ???? (hêpar) and Latin iecur.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?lew??]
Noun
lever c (singular definite leveren, plural indefinite levere)
- liver
Inflection
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?le???], [?le?w?]
Verb
lever
- present of leve
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the main entry.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [le??e???]
Verb
lever or levér
- imperative of levere
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?le?v?r/
- Hyphenation: le?ver
- Rhymes: -e?v?r
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch l?vere, from Old Dutch *levara, from Proto-Germanic *libr?.
Noun
lever f (plural levers, diminutive levertje n)
- liver
- edible animal liver as a dish or culinary ingredient
Derived terms
Descendants
- Afrikaans: lewer
- ? Indonesian: lever
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
lever
- first-person singular present indicative of leveren
- imperative of leveren
French
Etymology
From Middle French lever, from Old French lever, from Latin lev?re, present active infinitive of lev? (“to elevate”), from levis (“light, not heavy”)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /l?.ve/
- Homophones: levai, levé, levée, levées, levés, levez
Verb
lever
- (transitive) To raise, lift.
- Antonym: baisser
- (reflexive) To rise, stand up.
- Antonym: s'abaisser
- (reflexive) To get up (out of bed).
- Antonyms: se coucher, s'allonger
- (reflexive, of fog, rain and etc) To clear, lift.
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /?/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /?/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il lève rather than *il leve. Other verbs conjugated this way include acheter and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.
Derived terms
Noun
lever m (plural levers)
- The act of getting up in the morning.
Further reading
- “lever” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams
- lèvre
Hungarian
Etymology
le- +? ver
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?l?v?r]
- Hyphenation: le?ver
- Rhymes: -?r
Verb
lever
- (transitive) to knock down
Conjugation
Derived terms
- leverés
Indonesian
Etymology
From Dutch lever (“liver”), from Middle Dutch l?vere, from Old Dutch *levara, from Proto-Germanic *libr?.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?l?v?r]
- Hyphenation: lè?vêr
Noun
lèvêr (first-person possessive leverku, second-person possessive levermu, third-person possessive levernya)
- liver.
- Synonym: hati
Alternative forms
- liver
Further reading
- “lever” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
Verb
l?ver
- first-person singular present passive subjunctive of l?v?
Middle English
Etymology
Comparative of leve (“dear”) of Germanic origin (compare German lieb) or lief.
Adverb
lever
- Rather.
- For him was lever have at his bed's head
Twenty bookes, clad in black or red,
. . . Than robes rich, or fithel, or gay sawtrie. —The Canterbury Tales, Geoffrey Chaucer - But lever than this worldés good
She would have wist how that it stood —Tales of the Seven Deadly Sins, John Gower.
- For him was lever have at his bed's head
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French lever.
Verb
lever
- to lift
Conjugation
- Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Descendants
- French: lever
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (lever, supplement)
Norwegian Bokmål
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *libr?, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smudge, stick”), from *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”).
Noun
lever m or f (definite singular leveren or levra, indefinite plural levere or levre or levrer, definite plural leverne or levrene)
- (anatomy) a liver
- liver (eaten as food)
Derived terms
- skrumplever
Etymology 2
Verb
lever
- present tense of leve
- imperative of levere
References
- “lever” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
From Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *libr?, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smudge, stick”), from *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”). Akin to English liver.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?le???r/ (example of pronunciation)
Noun
lever f (definite singular levra, indefinite plural levrar or levrer, definite plural levrane or levrene)
- (anatomy) a liver
- liver (eaten as food)
Alternative forms
- (superseded) livr
Derived terms
- skrumplever
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /²le???r/ (example of pronunciation)
Verb
lever
- present of leve
Further reading
- “lever” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French
Etymology
From Latin l?v?re, present active infinitive of l?v?.
Verb
lever
- to lift (up)
- (reflexive, se level) to get up (get out of bed)
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-v, *-vs, *-vt are modified to f, s, t. This verb has a stressed present stem liev distinct from the unstressed stem lev. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Descendants
- Middle French: lever
- French: lever
Old Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norse hleifr, from Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz.
Noun
l?ver m
- loaf, bread
Declension
Descendants
- Swedish: lev
Swedish
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Norse lifr, from Proto-Germanic *libr?, from Proto-Indo-European *leyp- (“to smudge, stick”), from *ley- (“to be slimy, be sticky, glide”).
Noun
lever c
- (anatomy) a liver
Declension
Etymology 2
Verb
lever
- present tense of leva.
Further reading
- lever in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- lever in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- lever in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
lever From the web:
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