different between forbid vs deny
forbid
English
Etymology
From Middle English forbeden, from Old English forb?odan (“to forbid, prohibit, restrain, refuse, repeal, annul”), from Proto-Germanic *furibeudan?, from *furi + *beudan?. Equivalent to for- (“from, away”) +? bid (“to offer, proclaim”). Cognate with Dutch verbieden (“to forbid”), German verbieten (“to forbid”), Danish forbyde (“to forbid”),Norwegian Bokmål forby (“to forbid”), Swedish förbjuda (“to forbid”), Gothic ???????????????????????????????????????? (faurbiudan). Related to forbode.
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /f??b?d/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /f??b?d/
- Rhymes: -?d
Verb
forbid (third-person singular simple present forbids, present participle forbidding, simple past forbid or forbade or forbad, past participle forbidden)
- (transitive) To disallow; to proscribe.
- 1908, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows
- […] the Mole recollected that animal-etiquette forbade any sort of comment on the sudden disappearance of one's friends at any moment, for any reason or no reason whatever.
- 1908, Kenneth Grahame, The Wind in the Willows
- (ditransitive) To deny, exclude from, or warn off, by express command.
- (transitive) To oppose, hinder, or prevent, as if by an effectual command.
- a blaze of glory that forbids the sight
- (transitive, obsolete) To accurse; to blast.
- (transitive, obsolete) To defy; to challenge.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of L. Andrews to this entry?)
Usage notes
- Especially when talking about a person, the expression is not allowed to is much more common than the very formal is forbidden to/is forbidden from.
- This is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive or the gerund (-ing) when the person is mentioned from whom something is forbidden, and it takes the gerund (-ing) when such a person is not mentioned. See Appendix:English catenative verbs. Examples:
- The management forbids employees from smoking/to smoke in the office. (Active; those subject to prohibition are identified)
- Employees are forbidden from smoking/to smoke in the office. (Passive; those subject to prohibition are identified)
- The management forbids smoking in the office. (Active; those subject to prohibition are not identified)
- Smoking in the office is forbidden. (Passive; those subject to prohibition are not identified)
Synonyms
- prohibit
- disallow
- ban
- veto
- See also Thesaurus:prohibit
Derived terms
- forbiddance
- forbidding
Translations
References
- forbid in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- forbid in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
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deny
English
Etymology
From Middle English denyen, from Old French denoier (“to deny, to repudiate”) (French dénier), from Latin denegare (“to deny, to refuse”), from de- (“away”) and negare (“to refuse”), the latter ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“no, not”). Doublet of denegate.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /d??na?/
- (General American) IPA(key): /d??na?/, /d?-/
- Rhymes: -a?
- Hyphenation: de?ny
Verb
deny (third-person singular simple present denies, present participle denying, simple past and past participle denied)
- (transitive) To disallow or reject.
- (transitive) To assert that something is not true.
- (ditransitive) To refuse to give or grant something to someone.
- 1754, Jonathan Edwards, An Inquiry into the Modern Prevailing Notions Respecting that Freedom of the Will which is supposed to be Essential to Moral Agency
- To some men, it is more agreeable to deny a vicious inclination, than to gratify it.
- 1754, Jonathan Edwards, An Inquiry into the Modern Prevailing Notions Respecting that Freedom of the Will which is supposed to be Essential to Moral Agency
- To take something away from someone; to deprive of.
- (sports, transitive) To prevent from scoring.
- To disclaim connection with, responsibility for, etc.; to refuse to acknowledge; to disown; to abjure; to disavow.
- 1834-1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent.
- the falsehood of denying his opinion
- 1827, John Keble, The Christian Year
- thou thrice denied, yet thrice beloved
- 1834-1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent.
- (obsolete) To refuse (to do or accept something).
Usage notes
- This is a catenative verb that takes the gerund (-ing). See Appendix:English catenative verbs.
- Deny can have a connotation that the denial is false; he denied knowing the accused has a more suspicious tone than he said he did not know the accused. However, in some formal usages, e.g. medical records, it can have a more neutral sense (patient denies chest pain).
- See refute.
Conjugation
Synonyms
- (assert something is not true): gainsay, contradict, withsay, refute, disclaim
Antonyms
- (disallow): allow
- (assert something is true): confirm, affirm
Derived terms
- deniability
- denier
- justice delayed is justice denied
Related terms
- denial
Translations
Anagrams
- E.D.N.Y., Ynde, dyne
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