different between flatten vs calender

English

Etymology

From flat +? -en.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?flæt?n/
• Rhymes: -æt?n

Verb

flatten (third-person singular simple present flattens, present participle flattening, simple past and past participle flattened)

1. (transitive) To make something flat or flatter.

2. (reflexive) To press one's body tightly against a surface, such as a wall or floor, especially in order to avoid being seen or harmed.
3. (transitive) To knock down or lay low.

4. (intransitive) To become flat or flatter; to plateau.

5. (intransitive) To be knocked down or laid low.
6. (music) To lower by a semitone.
7. To make vapid or insipid; to render stale.
8. (programming, transitive) To reduce (a data structure) to one that has fewer dimensions, e.g. a 2×2 array into a list of four elements.
9. (computer graphics, transitive) To combine (separate layers) into a single image.

Translations

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?kæl?nd?/
• (US) enPR: k?l??nd?r, IPA^(key): /?kæl?nd?/
• Homophone: calendar

Etymology 1

• From French calandre, from Late Latin calendra, altered from Latin cylindrus (“cylinder”), from Ancient Greek ????????? (kúlindros). Doublet of cylinder.
• This spelling calender was introduced in the 17th century to differentiate the machine from the chronological senses of calendar.

Noun

calender (plural calenders)

1. Misspelling of calendar.
2. A machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper etc., a smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for watering them and giving them a wavy appearance; it consists of two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.
3. One who pursues the business of calendering.

Synonyms

• (one in the business or trade of calendering): calendrer

Translations

Verb

calender (third-person singular simple present calenders, present participle calendering, simple past and past participle calendered)

1. To press between rollers for the purpose of making smooth and glossy, or wavy, as woolen and silk stuffs, linens, paper etc., as in a calender.

Derived terms

• supercalender

Translations

Etymology 2

From Persian ?????? (qalandar, “wandering dervish”), from Arabic ??????????? (qaland?r, “wandering dervish”), itself from Persian ?????? (kalandar, “uncouth man”), from ????? (kaland, “rough, unshaven”).

Noun

calender (plural calenders)

1. One of a wandering, mendicant Sufic order of fantastically dressed or painted dervishes, founded in the 13th century by an Arab named Yusuf.

Translations

References

• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “calender”, in Online Etymology Dictionary
• Nouveau Petit Larousse illustré. Dictionnaire encyclopédique. Paris, Librairie Larousse, 1952, 146th edition
• Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, G.&C. Merriam Co., 1967

Anagrams

• encradle

Middle English

Noun

calender

1. Alternative form of kalender