different between flame vs holocaust

English

Etymology

From Middle English flawme, flaume, flaumbe, blend of Old French flame and flambe, flamble, the first from Latin flamma, the second from Latin flammula, diminutive of flamma, both from pre-Latin *fladma; ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *b?l?- (“to shimmer, gleam, shine”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: fl?m, IPA^(key): /fle?m/
• Rhymes: -e?m

Noun

flame (countable and uncountable, plural flames)

1. The visible part of fire; a stream of burning vapour or gas, emitting light and heat.

   • Long after his cigar burnt bitter, he sat with eyes fixed on the blaze. When the flames at last began to flicker and subside, his lids fluttered, then drooped; but he had lost all reckoning of time when he opened them again to find Miss Erroll in furs and ball-gown kneeling on the hearth […].
2. A romantic partner or lover in a usually short-lived but passionate affair.
   • 1844, William Makepeace Thackeray, The Luck of Barry Lyndon

     I could copy out yards of rhapsody to Lord George Poynings, her old flame, in which she addressed him by the most affectionate names.

3. (Internet) Intentionally insulting criticism or remark meant to incite anger.
4. A brilliant reddish orange-gold fiery colour.
5. (music, chiefly lutherie) The contrasting light and dark figure seen in wood used for stringed instrument making; the curl.

6. Burning zeal, passion, imagination, excitement, or anger.
   • (Can we find and add a quotation of Coleridge to this entry?)

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Verb

flame (third-person singular simple present flames, present participle flaming, simple past and past participle flamed)

1. To produce flames; to burn with a flame or blaze.
2. To burst forth like flame; to break out in violence of passion; to be kindled with zeal or ardour.
3. (Internet, transitive, intransitive) To post a destructively critical or abusive message (to somebody).

   I flamed him for spamming in my favourite newsgroup.

   • 2019, Steven McCornack & Kelly Morrison, Reflect & Relate, 5th edition

     Because online communication makes it easy to flame, many of us impetuously fire off messages that we later regret.

Derived terms

• flamer
• flaming

Related terms

• flambé

Translations

Adjective

flame (not comparable)

1. Of a brilliant reddish orange-gold colour, like that of a flame.

Translations

See also

• (reds) red; blood red, brick red, burgundy, cardinal, carmine, carnation, cerise, cherry, cherry red, Chinese red, cinnabar, claret, crimson, damask, fire brick, fire engine red, flame, flamingo, fuchsia, garnet, geranium, gules, hot pink, incarnadine, Indian red, magenta, maroon, misty rose, nacarat, oxblood, pillar-box red, pink, Pompeian red, poppy, raspberry, red violet, rose, rouge, ruby, ruddy, salmon, sanguine, scarlet, shocking pink, stammel, strawberry, Turkey red, Venetian red, vermillion, vinaceous, vinous, violet red, wine ^{(Category: en:Reds)}

Anagrams

• femal, fleam

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /flam/
• Homophones: flament, flames

Verb

flame

1. first-person singular present indicative of flamer
2. third-person singular present indicative of flamer
3. first-person singular present subjunctive of flamer
4. third-person singular present subjunctive of flamer
5. second-person singular imperative of flamer

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old French flame.

Noun

flame

1. Alternative form of flawme

Etymology 2

From Old French flamber.

Verb

flame

1. Alternative form of flawmen

Old French

Etymology

From Latin flamma.

Noun

flame f (oblique plural flames, nominative singular flame, nominative plural flames)

1. flame

Derived terms

• enflamer

Descendants

• ? English: flame
• French: flamme

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?flame]

Noun

flame f

1. indefinite plural of flam?
2. indefinite genitive/dative singular of flam?

Walloon

Noun

flame f (plural flames)

1. flame

   Synonym: blame

English

Etymology

From Middle English holocaust, from Anglo-Norman holocauste, from Late Latin holocaustum, from the neuter form of Ancient Greek ?????????? (holókaustos), from ???? (hólos, “whole”) + ??????? (kaustós, “burnt”), from ???? (kaí?, “I burn”). Used to refer to mass killings since at least 1925.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?h?l?k??st/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?h?l?k?st/, /?ho?l?k?st/
• (US, Canada, cot–caught merger) IPA^(key): /?h?l?k?st/, /?ho?l?k?st/

Noun

holocaust (plural holocausts)

1. A sacrifice that is completely burned to ashes. [from the 13th c]

   Coordinate term: moirocaust

   • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Mark XII:

     And to love a mans nehbour as hymsilfe, ys a greater thynge then all holocaustes and sacrifises.

   • 1646, Sir Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, III.3:

     in the holocaust or burnt-offering of Moses, the gall was cast away: for, as Ben Maimon instructeth, the inwards, whereto the gall adhereth, were taken out with the crop (according unto the law,) which the priest did not burn, but cast unto the east [...].

2. Extensive destruction of a group (usually of people or animals), whether by deliberate agency or by natural agency (especially fire). [from the 19th c]
   • 1895 September 10, "ANOTHER ARMENIAN HOLOCAUST; Five Villages Burned, Five Thousand Persons Made Homeless, and Anti-Christians Organized.", in The New York Times
   • 1925, Melville Chater, History's Greatest Trek, in The National Geographic Magazine

     But the initial episodes of the Exchange drama were enacted to the accompaniment of the boom of cannon and the rattle of machine guns and with the settings painted by the flames of the Smyrna holocaust [...]

   • 1938, The Palestine Post (Sunday February 6 1938), volume XIV, No. 3567, page 4, column 4 (beneath "Help for Franco?"):

     […] the entire Press, more particularly the French press, is worried lest there be some connection between the bloodless holocaust of German Generals and Ambassadors and the persistent reports that Mussolini is about to intervene in Spain on the grand scale.

   • 1954, Talbot Jennings, Jan Lustig, Noel Langley, Knights of the Round Table (film)

     None will emerge the victor from this holocaust.

   a nuclear holocaust

3. In particular, a state-sponsored mass murder of an ethnic group, especially the Holocaust (which see). [from the 20th c]

Usage notes

• Use of the word holocaust to refer to the mass murder of Jews under the Nazis dates back to 1942, according to the OED. By the 1970s, the Holocaust was often synonymous with the Jewish exterminations. This use of the term as a synonym for the Jewish exterminations has been criticised because it appears to imply that there was a voluntary religious purpose behind the Nazi actions, which was not the case from either the Nazis' perspective or the victims'. Hence, some people prefer the term Shoah, which means destruction.
• The word continues to be used in its other senses. For example, part of the action of a BBC radio drama by James Follett in 1981 takes place in “Holocaust City”, which by inference was named because the inhabitants were the only survivors of a global nuclear war. However, this usage is considered by some to be Holocaust trivialization.
• For more information on the use of the term Holocaust, see the entry Holocaust.

Hyponyms

• homocaust
• nuclear holocaust

Related terms

• caustic
• holo-

Translations

Verb

holocaust (third-person singular simple present holocausts, present participle holocausting, simple past and past participle holocausted)

1. (rare) To sacrifice and burn (an animal) completely.
   • 1986, Sylvia Brinton Perera, The Scapegoat Complex: Toward a Mythology of Shadow and Guilt:

     The Holocausted Goat

     Besides the condemning accuser, there is also the "holocausted goat," originally symbolizing libido sacrificed to the offended Yahweh.

   • 1987, Quadrant:

     The first was the holocausted goat, not worthy to live, who manifests in the modern complex as the helpless victim of pre-egoic consciousness. The second is the exiled wandering goat who carries all the denied instincts — sexuality, ...

   • 1997, Kathie Carlson, Life's Daughter/death's Bride: Inner Transformations Through the Goddess Demeter/Persephone, Shambhala Publications:

     Is it any wonder that the ruler of such a place would be worshipped with aversion rather than invocation? Or that the offering to underworld deities was traditionally an offering that was holocausted, completely burnt and given over […] ?

2. (rare) To destroy completely, especially by fire.
   • 1850, George Townsend, Journal of a tour in Italy, in 1850, with an account of an interview with the pope, page 119:

     The meek and candid persecutor, Cardinal Pole, who killed and took possession when Cranmer was holocausted, built the chapel, and became the voucher for the truth of the absurd legend. We visited the reputed grotto of the nymph Egeria.

   • 1888, Southern California Practitioner, page 79:

     Sulla once said, before Caesar had made much of a showing, that some day this young man would be the ruin of the aristocracy, and twenty years afterward, when Caesar sacked, assassinated and holocausted a whole theological seminary […]

3. (rare, possibly nonstandard) To subject to a holocaust (mass annihilation); to destroy en masse. (Compare genocide (verb).)
   • For quotations using this term, see Citations:holocaust.

See also

• burnt offering
• ethnic cleansing
• pogrom

References

• Lewis M. Paternoster and Ruth Frager-Stone, Three Dimensions of Vocabulary Growth, second edition (Amsco School Publications, 1998)
• Oxford Dictionary: holocaust
• “holocaust”, in Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary, (Please provide a date or year).
• “holocaust” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Czech

Alternative forms

• holokaust m

Noun

holocaust m

1. holocaust (the state-sponsored mass murder of an ethnic group)

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch holocaust, from Latin holocaustum, from the neuter of Ancient Greek ?????????? (holókaustos). The shift to masculine was influenced by Middle French holocauste. The meaning “genocide” derives from English holocaust.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???.lo??k?u?st/
• Hyphenation: ho?lo?caust

Noun

holocaust m (plural holocausten)

1. holocaust, genocide
2. (dated) holocaust (complete burnt offering)

Related terms

• Holocaust

Old Spanish

Alternative forms

• olocaust (alternative spelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [o.lo?kau?st]

Noun

holocaust m (plural holocaustos)

1. Apocopic form of holocausto, burnt offering
   • c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 34r.

   • Idem, f. 76r.