different between firm vs true

firm

English

Pronunciation

  • (General American) IPA(key): /f??m/, [f?m]
  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /f??m/
  • Rhymes: -??(?)m

Etymology 1

From Italian firma (signature), from firmare (to sign), from Latin firmare (to make firm, to confirm (by signature)), from firmus (firm, stable). The contemporary sense developed in the 18th century simultaneously with German Firma (business, name of business). There are conflicting statements in the literature as to which of the two languages influenced which.

Noun

firm (plural firms)

  1. (Britain, business) A business partnership; the name under which it trades.
  2. (business, economics) A business enterprise, however organized.
  3. (slang) A criminal gang, especially based around football hooliganism.
Derived terms
  • The Firm
Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English ferme, from Old French ferme, from Latin firmus (strong, steady). Doublet of dharma.

Adjective

firm (comparative firmer, superlative firmest)

  1. Steadfast, secure, solid (in position)
  2. Fixed (in opinion)
    • He was firm that selling his company would a good choice and didn't let anyone talk him out of it.
  3. Durable, rigid (material state)
    firm flesh; firm muscles, firm wood; firm land (i.e. not soft and marshy)
Derived terms
Translations

Verb

firm (third-person singular simple present firms, present participle firming, simple past and past participle firmed)

  1. (transitive) To make firm or strong; fix securely.
  2. (transitive) To make compact or resistant to pressure; solidify.
  3. (intransitive) To become firm; stabilise.
  4. (intransitive) To improve after decline.
  5. (intransitive, Australia) To shorten (of betting odds).
  6. (transitive, Britain, slang) To select (a higher education institution) as one's preferred choice, so as to enrol automatically if one's grades match the conditional offer.
Translations

Further reading

  • Firm in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Anagrams

  • FRIM, fMRI, frim

German

Etymology

From Latin firmus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /f??m/

Adjective

firm (comparative firmer, superlative am firmsten)

  1. (somewhat dated) experienced, well versed

Declension

Further reading

  • “firm” in Duden online

Polish

Noun

firm f

  1. genitive plural of firma

Zoogocho Zapotec

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish firma.

Noun

firm

  1. signature

Derived terms

  • chgo?o firm
  • cho?o firm

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish firme.

Adjective

firm

  1. firm, fixed

References

  • Long C., Rebecca; Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)?[2] (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 220

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true

English

Alternative forms

  • trew, trewe (obsolete)
  • troo (nonstandard)
  • tr00 (leet)

Etymology

From Middle English trewe, from Old English tr?ewe, (Mercian) tr?owe (trusty, faithful), from Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (compare Saterland Frisian trjou (honest), Dutch getrouw and trouw, German treu, Norwegian and Swedish trygg (safe, secure’), from pre-Germanic *drewh?yos, from Proto-Indo-European *drewh?- (steady, firm) (compare Irish dearbh (sure), Old Prussian druwis (faith), Ancient Greek ????? (droón, firm)), extension of *dóru (tree). More at tree.

For the semantic development, compare Latin robustus (tough) from robur (red oak).

Pronunciation

  • (UK) IPA(key): /t?u?/
  • (US) enPR: tr?? IPA(key): /t?u/, [t???ü]
  • (archaic) IPA(key): /t?ju?/
  • (now dialectal) IPA(key): /t????/
  • Rhymes: -u?

Adjective

true (comparative truer or more true, superlative truest or most true)

  1. (of a statement) Conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct.
  2. Conforming to a rule or pattern; exact; accurate.
  3. (logic) Of the state in Boolean logic that indicates an affirmative or positive result.
  4. Loyal, faithful.
  5. Genuine; legitimate.
  6. Used in the designation of group of species, or sometimes a single species, to indicate that it belongs to the clade its common name (which may be more broadly scoped in common speech) is restricted to in technical speech, or to distinguish it from a similar species, the latter of which may be called false.
  7. (of an aim or missile in archery, shooting, golf, etc.) Accurate; following a path toward the target.
  8. (chiefly probability) Fair, unbiased, not loaded.
    • 1990, William W. S. Wei, Time Series Analysis, ?ISBN, page 8:
      Let Z t {\displaystyle Z_{t}} be twice the value of a true die shown on the t {\displaystyle t} -th toss.
    • 2006, Judith A. Baer, Leslie Friedman Goldstein, The Constitutional and Legal Rights of Women: Cases in Law and Social Change ?ISBN
      In fact, few profit margins can be predicted with such reliability as those provided by a true roulette wheel or other game of chance.
    • 2012, Peter Sprent, Applied Nonparametric Statistical Methods, Springer Science & Business Media ?ISBN, page 5
      We do not reject, because 9 heads and 3 tails is in a set of reasonably likely results when we toss a true coin.
  9. (Of a literary genre) based on actual historical events.

Antonyms

  • (of a statement, logic, loyal): false
  • untrue

Derived terms

Related terms

  • truth

Translations

Adverb

true (not comparable)

  1. (of shooting, throwing etc) Accurately.

Translations

Noun

true (countable and uncountable, plural trues)

  1. (uncountable) The state of being in alignment.
    • 1904, Lester Gray French, Machinery, Volume 10:
      Some toolmakers are very careless when drilling the first hole through work that is to be bored, claiming that if the drilled hole comes out of true somewhat it can be brought true with the boring tool.
    • 1922, F. Scott Fitzgerald, O Russet Witch! in Tales of the Jazz Age:
      She clapped her hands happily, and he thought how pretty she was really, that is, the upper part of her face—from the bridge of the nose down she was somewhat out of true.
    • 1988, Lois McMaster Bujold, Falling Free, Baen Publishing, ?ISBN, page 96:
      The crate shifted on its pallet, out of sync now. As the lift withdrew, the crate skidded with it, dragged by friction and gravity, skewing farther and farther from true.
  2. (uncountable, obsolete) Truth.
  3. (countable, obsolete) A pledge or truce.

Derived terms

  • in true
  • out of true

Translations

Verb

true (third-person singular simple present trues, present participle trueing or truing, simple past and past participle trued)

  1. To straighten (of something that is supposed to be straight).
  2. To make even, level, symmetrical, or accurate, align; adjust.

Usage notes

  • Often followed by up.

Derived terms

  • true-up

Translations

Anagrams

  • -uret, rute

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga, Proto-Germanic *þr?g?n?, cognate with Swedish truga. The verb is related to Danish trykke and German drücken (to press) (= *þrukkijan?), but apparently not to German drohen (threaten) (= *þraujan?) or English threaten (= *þraut?n?).

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /tru??/, [?t???u?u], [?t???o?o]

Verb

true (past tense truede, past participle truet)

  1. to threaten

Inflection

Further reading

  • “true” in Den Danske Ordbog
  • “true” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Middle English

Adjective

true

  1. Alternative form of trewe

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga

Verb

true (imperative tru, present tense truer, passive trues, simple past and past participle trua or truet)

  1. to threaten

Derived terms

  • truende
  • utrydningstruet

Related terms

  • trussel

References

  • “true” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

  • trua, truge

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga

Verb

true (present tense truar, past tense trua, past participle trua, passive infinitive truast, present participle truande, imperative tru)

  1. to threaten

Related terms

  • trussel

References

  • “true” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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