different between firm vs establishment

English

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /f??m/, [f?m]
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /f??m/
• Rhymes: -??(?)m

Etymology 1

From Italian firma (“signature”), from firmare (“to sign”), from Latin firmare (“to make firm, to confirm (by signature)”), from firmus (“firm, stable”). The contemporary sense developed in the 18th century simultaneously with German Firma (“business, name of business”). There are conflicting statements in the literature as to which of the two languages influenced which.

Noun

firm (plural firms)

1. (Britain, business) A business partnership; the name under which it trades.
2. (business, economics) A business enterprise, however organized.
3. (slang) A criminal gang, especially based around football hooliganism.

Derived terms

• The Firm

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English ferme, from Old French ferme, from Latin firmus (“strong, steady”). Doublet of dharma.

Adjective

firm (comparative firmer, superlative firmest)

1. Steadfast, secure, solid (in position)

2. Fixed (in opinion)
   • He was firm that selling his company would a good choice and didn't let anyone talk him out of it.
3. Durable, rigid (material state)

   firm flesh; firm muscles, firm wood; firm land (i.e. not soft and marshy)

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

firm (third-person singular simple present firms, present participle firming, simple past and past participle firmed)

1. (transitive) To make firm or strong; fix securely.
2. (transitive) To make compact or resistant to pressure; solidify.
3. (intransitive) To become firm; stabilise.
4. (intransitive) To improve after decline.
5. (intransitive, Australia) To shorten (of betting odds).
6. (transitive, Britain, slang) To select (a higher education institution) as one's preferred choice, so as to enrol automatically if one's grades match the conditional offer.

Translations

Further reading

• Firm in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Anagrams

• FRIM, fMRI, frim

German

Etymology

From Latin firmus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /f??m/

Adjective

firm (comparative firmer, superlative am firmsten)

1. (somewhat dated) experienced, well versed

Declension

Further reading

• “firm” in Duden online

Polish

Noun

firm f

1. genitive plural of firma

Zoogocho Zapotec

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish firma.

Noun

firm

1. signature

Derived terms

• chgo?o firm
• cho?o firm

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Spanish firme.

Adjective

firm

1. firm, fixed

References

• Long C., Rebecca; Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)?^[2] (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 220

English

Etymology

From Middle English *establishment, stablishment, stablisshement, from Old French establissement (Modern French établissement), from the verb establir. Equivalent to establish +? -ment.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??stæbl??m?nt/
• Hyphenation: estab?lish?ment

Noun

establishment (countable and uncountable, plural establishments)

1. The act of establishing; a ratifying or ordaining; settlement; confirmation.
   • 1787, Article Seven of the United States Constitution

     The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.

2. The state of being established, founded, etc.; fixed state.

3. That which is established; as a form of government, a permanent organization, business or force, or the place where one is permanently fixed for residence.

4. (usually with "the") The ruling class or authority group in a society; especially, an entrenched authority dedicated to preserving the status quo. Also Establishment.

5. The number of staff required to run a department or organisation (often used in the context of healthcare and other public services).

Synonyms

• (act of establishing):, (that which is established): foundation

Antonyms

• (act of establishing): abolition

Derived terms

• anti-establishment
• eating establishment
• re-establishment, reestablishment
• war establishment

Translations

See also

• antidisestablishmentarianism
• powers that be

Descendants

• ? Polish: establishment

Catalan

Etymology

From English establishment.

Pronunciation

• (Central) IPA^(key): /?s?tabli?m?n/

Noun

establishment m (plural establishments)

1. establishment

Further reading

• “establishment” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “establishment” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

References

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from English establishment.

Noun

establishment

1. (sometimes derogatory) (the) establishment
   • 2017, Jens-Martin Eriksen, Frederik Stjernfelt, Adskillelsens politik, Lindhardt og Ringhof ?ISBN

     Forestillingen om klasse frem for religion er også farlig for establishmentet her i landet, den ville kunne få hele det politiske system til at bryde sammen, hvis de fattige malajer, muslimerne, ville indse, at de har mere til fælles med de fattige ...

   • 2015, Jan Guillou, Den demokratiske terrorist, Modtryk ?ISBN

     Marxistleninisterne eksisterede næsten ikke mere, de fleste gamle kammerater var blevet en del af establishmentet, og den antiimperialistiske bevægelse var stort set gået i sig selv igen.

Declension

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English establishment.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?s?t?.bl??.m?nt/, /?s?t?.bl?s.m?nt/
• Hyphenation: es?ta?blish?ment

Noun

establishment n (plural establishments, diminutive establishmentje n)

1. establishment, elite (ruling authority or class)

Related terms

• etablissement

Finnish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English establishment.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?est?blisment?i/, [?e?s?t??b?lis?me?n?t??i]

Noun

establishment

1. (informal) establishment (ruling class)

Declension

Synonyms

• eliitti
• valtaapitävät
• yläluokka

French

Etymology

From English establishment

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?s.ta.bli?.m??/

Proper noun

establishment m

1. establishment (ruling authority)

Related terms

• établissement

Polish

Etymology

From English establishment.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?.stab?l?i?.m?nt/

Noun

establishment m inan

1. (derogatory, politics) the establishment (the ruling class or authority group)

Declension

Further reading

• establishment in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• establishment in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from English establishment.

Proper noun

establishment m

1. establishment (ruling authority)

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English establishment. Doublet of establecimiento.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /establi?e?ment/, [es.t?a.??li.?e?m?n?t?]

Proper noun

establishment m

1. establishment (ruling authority)

Further reading

• “establishment” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.