different between figure vs quadrature

English

Etymology

From Middle English figure, borrowed from Old French figure, from Latin fig?ra (“form, shape, form of a word, a figure of speech, Late Latin a sketch, drawing”), from fing? (“to form, shape, mold, fashion”), from Proto-Indo-European *d?ey??- (“to mold, shape, form, knead”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ?????? (teîkhos), Sanskrit ?????? (degdhi), Old English d?g (“dough”). More at dough. Doublet of figura.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /?f??j?/, /?f???/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?f???/
• (Canada) IPA^(key): /?f???/, /?f??j?/
• Rhymes: -???(?), -??j?(?)
• Hyphenation: fig?ure

Noun

figure (plural figures)

1. A drawing or diagram conveying information.
2. The representation of any form, as by drawing, painting, modelling, carving, embroidering, etc.; especially, a representation of the human body.

   a figure in bronze; a figure cut in marble
3. A person or thing representing a certain consciousness.
4. The appearance or impression made by the conduct or career of a person.

   He cut a sorry figure standing there in the rain.

   • I made some figure there.

   • 1770, William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England

     gentlemen of the best figure in the county

5. (obsolete) Distinguished appearance; magnificence; conspicuous representation; splendour; show.
   • 1729, William Law, A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life

     that he may live in figure and indulgence

6. A human figure, which dress or corset must fit to; the shape of a human body.
7. A numeral.
8. A number, an amount.
9. A shape.
10. A visible pattern as in wood or cloth.

    The muslin was of a pretty figure.

11. Any complex dance move^W.
12. A figure of speech.
13. (logic) The form of a syllogism with respect to the relative position of the middle term.
14. (astrology) A horoscope; the diagram of the aspects of the astrological houses.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Johnson to this entry?)

15. (music) Any short succession of notes, either as melody or as a group of chords, which produce a single complete and distinct impression.
    • 1888, George Grove, Beethoven's Nine Symphonies: Analytical Essays

      Here, Beethoven limits the syncopations and modifications of rhythm which are so prominent in the first and third movements, and employs a rapid, busy, and most melodious figure in the Violins, which is irresistible in its gay and brilliant effect […]

16. (music) A form of melody or accompaniment kept up through a strain or passage; a motif; a florid embellishment.

Derived terms

Related terms

• figurine
• figurative
• figuratively

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ????? (figyua)

Translations

Verb

figure (third-person singular simple present figures, present participle figuring, simple past and past participle figured)

1. (chiefly US) To calculate, to solve a mathematical problem.
2. (chiefly US) To come to understand.

3. To think, to assume, to suppose, to reckon.
4. (chiefly US, intransitive) To be reasonable.

5. (intransitive) To enter into; to be a part of.
6. (obsolete) To represent by a figure, as to form or mould; to make an image of, either palpable or ideal; also, to fashion into a determinate form; to shape.
7. To embellish with design; to adorn with figures.
8. (obsolete) To indicate by numerals.
   • 1698 , John Dryden, Epitaph of Mary Frampton

     As through a crystal glass the figured hours are seen.

9. To represent by a metaphor; to signify or symbolize.
10. (obsolete) To prefigure; to foreshow.
11. (music) To write over or under the bass, as figures or other characters, in order to indicate the accompanying chords.
12. (music) To embellish.

Derived terms

• go figure
• prefigure
• figure on
• figure out (US)

Translations

Further reading

• figure in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• figure in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin fig?ra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fi.?y?/

Noun

figure f (plural figures)

1. face
2. figure

Synonyms

• visage

Derived terms

Further reading

• “figure” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ure

Noun

figure f

1. plural of figura

Portuguese

Verb

figure

1. first-person singular present subjunctive of figurar
2. third-person singular present subjunctive of figurar
3. third-person singular negative imperative of figurar
4. third-person singular imperative of figurar

Spanish

Verb

figure

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of figurar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of figurar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of figurar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of figurar.

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin quadr?t?ra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?kw?d.??.tj??(?)/, /-t???(?)/

Noun

quadrature (countable and uncountable, plural quadratures)

1. The process of making something square; squaring.
2. (mathematics) The act or process of constructing a square that has the same area as a given plane figure, or of computing that area.
   • 1976, D. T. Whiteside (editor), The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton, Volume 7: 1691-1695, Cambridge University Press, page 3,

     Craige was then on the point of publishing a short tract wherein he expounded a systematic (if far from general) 'Method of determining the quadrature of figures comprehended by straight lines and curves',^{[editor's translation]} there gathering a variety of techniques of rational algebraic quadrature and arc-rectification […] .

3. (mathematics, numerical analysis) The calculation of a definite integral by numerical means.
   • 1992, Bernard Bielecki, SINC Quadratures for Cauchy Principal Value Integrals, T.O. Espelid, Alan Genz, Springer, Numerical Integration: Recent Developments, Software and Applications, page 81,

     Three types of SINC quadratures are surveyed for the evaluation of Cauchy principal value integrals ${\displaystyle \textstyle \int _{\Gamma }F(t)dt/(t-x)}$, ${\displaystyle \textstyle x\in \Gamma }$, where ${\displaystyle \textstyle \Gamma }$ is an arc in the complex plane. Under suitable assumptions on F, the quadrature errors are of order ${\displaystyle \textstyle O(e^{-c{\sqrt {N}}})}$, where N is the number of quadrature nodes and c is a constant independent of N.

   • 2011, Narayan Kovvali, Theory and Applications of Gaussian Quadrature Methods, Morgan & Claypool, page 37,

     In this chapter, we present some example applications of the Gaussian quadrature methods discussed in the previous chapters. […] Figure 4.1 shows the accuracy of the polynomial Gaussian quadratures used to evaluate the first two integrals as a function of N.

   • 2015, Bernard Shizgal, Spectral Methods in Chemistry and Physics, Springer, page 71,

     The integral is thus given by a variant of the Fejér quadrature with two points at the interval boundaries, namely x₁ = ?1 and x_N = 1 analogous to the Lobatto quadratures of the next section.

4. (mathematics, mathematical analysis) The act or process of solving an indefinite integral by symbolic means.
5. (astronomy) A situation in which the directions of two celestial bodies (or a celestial body and the Sun) form a right-angle from the perspective of the observer.

6. (physics) The condition in which the phase angle between two alternating quantities is 90°.
   • 2008, Luis B. Oliveira, Jorge R. Fernandes, Igor M. Filanovsky, Chris J. M. Verhoeven, Manuel M. Silva, Analysis and Design of Quadrature Oscillators, Springer, page 33,

     If ?_IN has 50% duty-cycle, then the outputs are in quadrature.

   • 2011, M. V. Deshpande, Electrical Machines, PHI Learning, page 315,

     The total mmf in a synchronous machine may be split up into two components—one along the pole axis or direct axis and the other at right angles to this or the quadrature axis. […] In the case of salient pole construction, however, the reluctances of the magnetic circuits on which the mmfs act are different along the direct axis and the quadrature axis.

   • 2015, Mohammad Elbadry, Ramesh Harjani, Quadrature Frequency Generation for Wideband Wireless Applications, Springer, page 7,

     Quadrature LO generation is critical to the operation of direct-downconversion receivers [7]. Two common techniques for quadrature generation are divide-by-two frequency dividers, and polyphase filters.

7. (art) A painting painted on a wooden panel.

Derived terms

• add in quadrature
• differential quadrature
• Gaussian quadrature
• quadrature amplitude modulation
• quadrature domain

Related terms

• quadrate
• quadratural
• quadraturist

Translations

See also

• cubature
• square the circle

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin quadr?t?ra. Doublet of carrure.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka.d?a.ty?/, /kwa.d?a.ty?/

Noun

quadrature f (plural quadratures)

1. quadrature

   quadrature du cercle – quadrature of the circle

Further reading

• “quadrature” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Noun

quadrature f

1. plural of quadratura

Latin

Participle

quadr?t?re

1. vocative masculine singular of quadr?t?rus