different between fell vs crop

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /f?l/
• Rhymes: -?l

Etymology 1

From Middle English fellen, from Old English fellan, fiellan (“to cause to fall, strike down, fell, cut down, throw down, defeat, destroy, kill, tumble, cause to stumble”), from Proto-Germanic *fallijan? (“to fell, to cause to fall”), causative of Proto-Germanic *fallan? (“to fall”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)p?l- (“to fall”). Cognate with Dutch vellen (“to fell, cut down”), German fällen (“to fell”), Norwegian felle (“to fell”).

Verb

fell (third-person singular simple present fells, present participle felling, simple past and past participle felled)

1. (transitive) To make something fall; especially to chop down a tree.
2. (transitive) To strike down, kill, destroy.
   • 2016 January 17, "What Weiner Reveals About Huma Abedin," Vanity Fair (retrieved 21 January 2016):

     This Sunday marks the debut of Weiner, a documentary that follows former congressman Anthony Weiner in his attempt to overcome a sexting scandal and run for mayor of New York City—only to be felled, somewhat inexplicably, by another sexting scandal.
3. (sewing) To stitch down a protruding flap of fabric, as a seam allowance, or pleat.
   • 2006, Colette Wolff, The Art of Manipulating Fabric, page 296:

     To fell seam allowances, catch the lining underneath before emerging 1/4" (6mm) ahead, and 1/8" (3mm) to 1/4" (6mm) into the seam allowance.

Translations

Noun

fell (plural fells)

1. A cutting-down of timber.
2. The stitching down of a fold of cloth; specifically, the portion of a kilt, from the waist to the seat, where the pleats are stitched down.
3. (textiles) The end of a web, formed by the last thread of the weft.

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English fell, fel, vel, from Old English fel, fell (“hide, skin, pelt”), from Proto-Germanic *fell? (compare West Frisian fel, Dutch vel, German Fell), from Proto-Indo-European *pél-no- (“skin, animal hide”) (compare Latin pellis (“skin”), Lithuanian pl?n? (“skin”), Russian ?????? (plená, “pelt”), Albanian plah (“to cover”), Ancient Greek ?????? (péll?s, “skin”)). Related to film and pell.

Noun

fell (plural fells)

2. An animal skin, hide, pelt.
   • c. 1599 Shakespeare: As You Like It: Act 3 Sc.3 L. 35

     Why, we are still handling our ewes, and their fells, you know, are greasy.

3. Human skin (now only as a metaphorical use of previous sense).
   • c. 1390, William Langland, Piers Plowman, I:

     For he is fader of feith · fourmed ?ow alle / Bothe with fel and with face.

Translations

Etymology 3

From Old Norse fell, fjall (“rock, mountain”), compare Norwegian Bokmål fjell 'mountain', from Proto-Germanic *felz?, *fel(e)zaz, *falisaz (compare German Felsen 'boulder, cliff', Middle Low German vels 'hill, mountain'), from Proto-Indo-European *pelso; compare Irish aill (“boulder, cliff”), Ancient Greek ????? (pélla, “stone”), Pashto ????? (par??a, “rock, rocky ledge”), Sanskrit ????? (p????á, “stone”). Doublet of fjeld.

Noun

fell (plural fells)

1. (archaic outside Britain) A rocky ridge or chain of mountains.
   • 1937 J.R.R. Tolkien, The Hobbit

     The dwarves of yore made mighty spells, / While hammers fell like ringing bells, / In places deep, where dark things sleep, / In hollow halls beneath the fells.

   • 1971 Catherine Cookson, The Dwelling Place

     She didn't know at first why she stepped off the road and climbed the bank on to the fells; it wasn't until she found herself skirting a disused quarry that she realised where she was making for, and when she reached the place she stood and gazed at it. It was a hollow within an outcrop of rock, not large enough to call a cave but deep enough to shelter eight people from the rain, and with room to spare.

2. (archaic outside Britain) A wild field or upland moor.
   • 1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion song 11 p. 174[5]:

     As over Holt and Heath, as thorough Frith and Fell;

Derived terms

• Low Fell

Translations

Etymology 4

From Middle English fel, fell (“strong, fierce, terrible, cruel, angry”), from Old English *fel, *felo, *fæle (“cruel, savage, fierce”) (only in compounds, wælfel (“bloodthirsty”), ealfelo (“evil, baleful”), ælfæle (“very dire”), etc.), from Proto-Germanic *faluz (“wicked, cruel, terrifying”), from Proto-Indo-European *pol- (“to pour, flow, swim, fly”). Cognate with Old Frisian fal (“cruel”), Middle Dutch fel (“wrathful, cruel, bad, base”), German Low German fell (“rash, swift”), Danish fæl (“disgusting, hideous, ghastly, grim”), Middle High German v?lant (“imp”). See felon.

Adjective

fell (comparative feller, superlative fellest)

1. Of a strong and cruel nature; eager and unsparing; grim; fierce; ruthless; savage.
   • c. 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 3, Act II scene vi^[6]:

     […] While we devise fell tortures for thy faults.

   • 1663, Hudibras, by Samuel Butler, part 1, canto 2

     And many a serpent of fell kind, / With wings before, and stings behind
2. (Britain dialectal, Scotland) Strong and fiery; biting; keen; sharp; pungent
3. (Britain dialectal, Scotland) Very large; huge.
4. (obsolete) Eager; earnest; intent.

   • I am so fell to my business.

Translations

Adverb

fell (comparative more fell, superlative most fell)

1. Sharply; fiercely.

Derived terms

• fellness

Etymology 5

Perhaps from Latin fel (“gall, poison, bitterness”), or more probably from the adjective above.

Noun

fell (uncountable)

1. (obsolete, rare) Anger; gall; melancholy.

Etymology 6

Noun

fell

1. (mining) The finer portions of ore, which go through the meshes when the ore is sorted by sifting.

Etymology 7

Verb

fell

1. simple past tense of fall
2. (now colloquial) past participle of fall

Further reading

• Fell (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Fell in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *spesla, metathesized form of *spelsa, from Proto-Indo-European *pels (“rock, boulder”), variant of *spel- (“to cleave, break”). Compare Latin hydronym Pelso, Latin Palatium, Pashto ????? (parša, “rock, rocky ledge”), Ancient Greek ????? (pélla, “stone”), German Felsen (“boulder, cliff”). Mostly dialectal, used in Gheg Albanian.

Adverb

fell

1. deep, shallow

Derived terms

• fellë

Related terms

• fyell

Icelandic

Etymology

Old Norse fjall (“mountain”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /f?tl/
• Rhymes: -?tl

Noun

fell n (genitive singular fells, nominative plural fell)

1. isolated hill, isolated mountain

Declension

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

fell

1. imperative of felle

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Verb

fell

1. present of falle

Etymology 2

Verb

fell

1. imperative of fella

Old English

Alternative forms

• fel

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *fell, whence also Old High German vel.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fell/, [fe?]

Noun

fell n

1. fell
2. skin

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: kr?p, IPA^(key): /k??p/
• (General American) enPR: kräp, IPA^(key): /k??p/
• Rhymes: -?p

Etymology 1

From Middle English crop, croppe, from Old English crop, cropp, croppa (“the head or top of a plant, a sprout or herb, a bunch or cluster of flowers, an ear of corn, the craw of a bird, a kidney”), from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“body, trunk, crop”), from Proto-Indo-European *grewb- (“to warp, bend, crawl”). Cognate with Dutch krop (“crop”), German Low German Kropp (“a swelling on the neck, the craw, maw”), German Kropf (“the craw, ear of grain, head of lettuce or cabbage”), Swedish kropp (“body, trunk”), Icelandic kroppur (“a hunch on the body”). Related to crap, doublet of group and croup.

Noun

crop (plural crops)

1. (agriculture) A plant, especially a cereal, grown to be harvested as food, livestock fodder, or fuel or for any other economic purpose.

2. The natural production for a specific year, particularly of plants.

3. A group, cluster or collection of things occurring at the same time.

4. A group of vesicles at the same stage of development in a disease.

5. The lashing end of a whip.
6. An entire short whip, especially as used in horse-riding; a riding crop.
7. A rocky outcrop.
8. The act of cropping.
9. A photograph or other image that has been reduced by removing the outer parts.
10. A short haircut.

11. (anatomy) A pouch-like part of the alimentary tract of some birds (and some other animals), used to store food before digestion or for regurgitation; a craw.
    • XIX c., George MacDonald, The Early Bird:

      A little bird sat on the edge of her nest;

      Her yellow-beaks slept as sound as tops;

      Day-long she had worked almost without rest,

      And had filled every one of their gibbous crops;

    • 1892, Arthur Conan Doyle, "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle", 2005 Norton edition, page 221:

      The bird gave a gulp, and I felt the stone pass along its gullet and down into its crop.

    • 2015, Elizabeth Royte, Vultures Are Revolting. Here’s Why We Need to Save Them., National Geographic (December 2015)[1]

      As the wildebeest shrinks, the circle of sated birds lounging in the short grass expands. With bulging crops, the vultures settle their heads atop folded wings and slide their nictitating membranes shut.

12. (architecture) The foliate part of a finial.
13. (archaic or dialect) The head of a flower, especially when picked; an ear of corn; the top branches of a tree.
14. (mining) Tin ore prepared for smelting.
15. (mining) An outcrop of a vein or seam at the surface.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)

16. An entire oxhide.

Synonyms

• (harvest): harvest, yield
• (whip used on horses): hunting crop, riding crop, whip, bat

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• gizzard

Etymology 2

From Middle English croppen (“to cut, pluck and eat”), from Middle English *croppian. Cognate with Scots crap (“to crop”), Dutch kroppen (“to cram, digest”), Low German kröppen (“to cut, crop, stuff the craw”), German kröpfen (“to crop”), Icelandic kroppa (“to cut, crop, pick”). Literally, to take off the crop (top, head, ear) of a plant. See Etymology 1.

Verb

crop (third-person singular simple present crops, present participle cropping, simple past and past participle cropped)

1. (transitive) To remove the top end of something, especially a plant.

   • I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one.

2. (transitive) To mow, reap or gather.
3. (transitive) To cut (especially hair or an animal's tail or ears) short.
4. (transitive) To remove the outer parts of a photograph or other image, typically in order to frame the subject better.
5. (intransitive) To yield harvest.
6. (transitive) To cause to bear a crop.

   to crop a field

Derived terms

• outcrop
• crop up

Translations

See also

• Wikipedia article on the crop of an animal
• Wikipedia article on riding crops
• Wikipedia article on cropping images

References

• crop at OneLook Dictionary Search
• crop in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• Copr., Corp, Corp., RCPO, corp, corp., proc