different between false vs bastard

English

Etymology

From Middle English false, fals, from Old English fals (“false; counterfeit; fraudulent; wrong; mistaken”), from Latin falsus (“counterfeit, false; falsehood”), perfect passive participle of fall? (“deceive”). Reinforced in Middle English by Anglo-Norman and Old French fals, faus. Compare Scots fals, false, Saterland Frisian falsk, German falsch, Dutch vals, Swedish and Danish falsk; all from Latin falsus. Displaced native Middle English les, lese, from Old English l?as (“false”); See lease, leasing. Doublet of faux.

Pronunciation

• (UK, General New Zealand, General Australian) IPA^(key): /f??ls/, /f?ls/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /f?ls/, /f?ls/

Adjective

false (comparative falser, superlative falsest)

1. Untrue, not factual, factually incorrect.
2. Based on factually incorrect premises.

3. Spurious, artificial.
4. (logic) Of a state in Boolean logic that indicates a negative result.
5. Uttering falsehood; dishonest or deceitful.

6. Not faithful or loyal, as to obligations, allegiance, vows, etc.; untrue; treacherous.
7. Not well founded; not firm or trustworthy; erroneous.
8. Not essential or permanent, as parts of a structure which are temporary or supplemental.
9. Used in the vernacular name of a species (or group of species) together with the name of another species to which it is similar in appearance.

10. (music) Out of tune.

Synonyms

• lease
• See also Thesaurus:false

Antonyms

• (untrue): real, true

Derived terms

Translations

Adverb

false (comparative more false, superlative most false)

1. in a dishonest and disloyal way; falsely.

Noun

false (plural falses)

1. One of two options on a true-or-false test.

Anagrams

• A.S.L.E.F., Leafs, alefs, fasel, feals, fleas, leafs, lefsa

Italian

Adjective

false f pl

1. feminine plural of falso

Latin

Noun

false

1. vocative singular of falsus

References

• false in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• false in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• false in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette

Spanish

Verb

false

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of falsar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of falsar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of falsar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of falsar.

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?b??s.t?d/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?bæs.t?d/

Etymology

From Middle English bastard, bastarde, from Anglo-Norman bastard (“illegitimate child”), from Frankish *b?st (“marriage”) (probably via Medieval Latin bastardus; compare Middle Dutch bast (“lust, heat”)) and derogatory suffix -ard (pejorative agent noun suffix), from Proto-Germanic *banstuz (“bond, tie”) (compare West Frisian boask, boaste (“marriage”)), from Proto-Indo-European *b?end?- (“to tie, bind”); or equivalent to bast +? -ard. Cognate with French bâtard (“bastard”), West Frisian bastert (“bastard”), Dutch bastaard (“bastard”), German Bastard (“bastard”), Icelandic bastarður (“bastard”). Probably originally referred to a child from a polygynous marriage of heathen Germanic custom — a practice not sanctioned by the Christian churches. Related to boose.

Alternatively, the Old French form may originate from the term fils de bast (“packsaddle son”), meaning a child conceived on an improvised bed (medieval saddles often doubled as beds while traveling).

Noun

bastard (plural bastards)

1. A person who was born out of wedlock, and hence often considered an illegitimate descendant.

   Synonyms: love-child, born in the vestry, illegitimate; see also Thesaurus:bastard

   • 1965, The Big Valley

     Jarrod: Who are you?

     Heath: Your father's bastard son.

2. A mongrel (biological cross between different breeds, groups or varieties).
3. (vulgar or derogatory, typically referring to a man) A contemptible, inconsiderate, overly or arrogantly rude or spiteful person.

   Synonyms: son of a bitch, arsehole, asshole; see also Thesaurus:git, Thesaurus:jerk

   • 1997, South Park television program

     "Oh my God, they killed Kenny!" "You bastards!"

4. (often humorous) A man, a fellow, a male friend.

5. (often preceded by 'poor') A person deserving of pity.

6. (informal) A child who does not know his or her father.
7. (informal) Something extremely difficult or unpleasant to deal with.

8. A variation that is not genuine; something irregular or inferior or of dubious origin, fake or counterfeit.
   • 1622, Francis Bacon, Bacon's History of the Reign of King Henry VII, Cambridge University Press (1902), page 62:

     There were also made good and politic laws that parliament, against usury, which is the bastard use of money...

9. An intermediate-grade file; also bastard file.
10. A sweet wine.
11. A sword that is midway in length between a short-sword and a long sword; also bastard sword.
12. An inferior quality of soft brown sugar, obtained from syrups that have been boiled several times.
13. A large mould for straining sugar.
14. A writing paper of a particular size.
15. (Britain, politics, derogatory) A Eurosceptic Conservative MP, especially in the government of John Major.
    • 2000, Peter Hobday, Managing the message, Allison & Busby

      If you are a politician, you make sure that you know all such references in case an interviewer suddenly asks, 'Are you one of the bastards in Mr Major's cabinet?'

    • 2011, Duncan Hall, A2 Government and Politics: Ideologies and Ideologies in Action, Lulu.com ?ISBN, page 62

      While John Major managed to get the Maastricht Treaty through parliament, despite the efforts of the “bastards” in his cabinet, the 2001 Conservative General Election campaign was fought on entirely eurosceptic lines.

    • 2014, Melvin J. Lasky, Profanity, Obscenity and the Media, Transaction Publishers ?ISBN

      One “bastard,” the Minister for Wales, John Redwood (who mounted an unsuccessful campaign to displace the Tory chief, John Major), was removed in a Cabinet reshuffle; but was his young successor William Hague any more reliable?

Usage notes

• (one born to unmarried parents): Not always regarded as a stigma (though it is one in e.g. canon law, prohibitive for clerical office without papal indult): Norman duke William, the Conqueror of England, is referred to in state documents as "William the Bastard"; a Burgundian prince was even officially styled Great Bastard of Burgundy.

Antonyms

• legitimate

Derived terms

Translations

Adjective

bastard (comparative more bastard, superlative most bastard)

1. Of or like a bastard (illegitimate human descendant).
2. Of or like a bastard (bad person).
3. Of or like a mongrel, bastardized creature/cross.
4. Of abnormal, irregular or otherwise inferior qualities (size, shape etc).

5. Spurious, lacking authenticity: counterfeit, fake.
   • a. 1677, Isaac Barrow, Of Self-conceit (sermon)

     that bastard self-love which is so vicious in itself, and productive of so many vices

6. (Should we delete⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) (of a language) imperfect; not spoken or written well or in the classical style; broken.
7. Used in the vernacular name of a species to indicate that it is similar in some way to another species, often (but not always) one of another genus.

8. (Britain, vulgar) Very unpleasant.

9. (printing) Abbreviated, as the half title in a page preceding the full title page of a book.
10. (theater lighting) Consisting of one predominant color blended with small amounts of complementary color; used to replicate natural light because of their warmer appearance.

Translations

Interjection

bastard!

1. (rare) Exclamation of strong dismay or strong sense of being upset.
   • 2001, Stephen King, “The Death of Jack Hamilton”, in Everything's Eventual, Simon and Schuster (2007), ?ISBN, page 90:

     Jack says, “Oh! Bastard! I’m hit!” That bullet had to have come in the busted back window and how it missed Johnnie to hit Jack I don’t know.

   • 2004, Cecelia Ahern, PS, I Love You (novel), Hyperion, ?ISBN, page 7:

     “Yes, I’m hhhhowwwwwwcch!” she yelped as she stubbed her toe against the bedpost. “Shit, shit, fuck, bastard, shit, crap!”

   • 2006, Emily Franklin, Love from London, Penguin, ?ISBN, page 212:

     “Isn’t she lovely?” Clem asks, hopefully rhetorically. “Oh, bastard. I’ve got to go—that’s my signal. […] ”

Translations

Verb

bastard (third-person singular simple present bastards, present participle bastarding, simple past and past participle bastarded)

1. (obsolete) To bastardize.

   • After her husband's death she was matter of tragedy , having lived to see her brother beheaded , and her two sons deposed from the crown , bastarded in their blood

Further reading

• bastard at OneLook Dictionary Search
• “bastard” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• “mongrel” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Anagrams

• Barstad, batards, tabards

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?bastart]
• Hyphenation: ba?s?tard

Noun

bastard m anim

1. bastard, love child (person born to unmarried parents)

   Synonym: levobo?ek

2. bastard, mongrel (biological cross between different breeds, groups or varieties)
3. bastard, asshole

Declension

Further reading

• bastard in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• bastard in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

From Old French bastard.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bastard/, [b?a?sd????d?]
• IPA^(key): /bastar/, [b?a?sd????]

Noun

bastard c (singular definite bastarden, plural indefinite bastarder)

1. crossbreed (an organism produced by mating of individuals of different varieties or breeds)

   Synonyms: hybrid, krydsning

2. mongrel (someone of mixed kind or uncertain origin, especially a dog)
3. (dated) bastard (person who was born out of wedlock)

Inflection

Irish

Alternative forms

• bastairt, bastart

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle English bastard, from Old French bastard.

Noun

bastard m (genitive singular bastaird, nominative plural bastaird)

1. bastard

Declension

Derived terms

Mutation

References

• "bastard" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “bastard”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Entries containing “bastard” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
• Entries containing “bastard” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.

Middle English

Alternative forms

• bastarde, basterd, bastart

Etymology

From Anglo-Norman bastard; equivalent to bast (“illegitimacy”) +? -ard.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?bastard/, /?basta?rd/, /?bast?rd/

Noun

bastard (plural bastardes)

1. an illegitimate child, especially a noble one; a bastard
2. a kind of fortified wine, often with spices added
3. (rare) a heretic or sinner; one separated from one's deity
4. (rare) a dog that isn't purebred; a mutt or mongrel
5. (rare) a botanical tendril or offshoot

Derived terms

• bastardie

Descendants

• English: bastard
• Scots: bastart, bastert

References

• “bast??rd, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-03-03.

Adjective

bastard

1. coming not from wedlock, coming from bastardy; illegitimate
2. low-quality, inferior, imitation; of bad manufacture
3. (rare) not purebred; of mixed lineage
4. (rare) made using or incorporating fortified wine
5. (rare) wrong, erroneous, incorrect

Descendants

• English: bastard
• Scots: bastart, bastert

References

• “bast??rd, n. as adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-03-03.

Middle French

Alternative forms

• bastart

Etymology

From Old French bastard, from Late Latin bastardus.

Noun

bastard m (plural bastars, feminine singular bastarde, feminine plural bastardes)

1. bastard (child born outside of wedlock)

Adjective

bastard m (feminine singular bastarde, masculine plural bastars, feminine plural bastardes)

1. bastard

Descendants

• French: bâtard

Old French

Etymology

From Late Latin bastardus, of Germanic origin, possibly Frankish.

Noun

bastard m (oblique plural bastarz or bastartz, nominative singular bastarz or bastartz, nominative plural bastard)

1. bastard (person conceived to unmarried parents)
2. (derogatory, usually vocative) bastard (insult)

Adjective

bastard m (oblique and nominative feminine singular bastarde)

1. bastard (conceived by unmarried parents)

Declension

Descendants

• French: bâtard
• ? Galician: bastardo
• ? Middle Dutch: bastaert
  • Dutch: bastaard
    • ? Indonesian: bastar
• ? Middle English: bastard, bastarde, basterd, bastart
  • English: bastard
  • Scots: bastart, bastert

Romanian

Etymology

From Italian bastardo.

Noun

bastard m (plural bastarzi)

1. bastard

Declension