different between extra vs fresh

English

Etymology

Abbreviation of extraordinary.

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /??kst??/
• Hyphenation: ex?tra

Adjective

extra (not comparable)

1. Beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; extraneous; additional; supernumerary.

2. (dated) Extraordinarily good; superior.
3. (slang) Over the top; going beyond what is normal or appropriate, often in a dramatic manner.
   • 2017, Yael Livnch, "Whole Foods", in "Get The Inside Soup: Staffers Review Local Soup Stops", 3 February 2017, page 23:

     I highly recommend getting some more bread on the side—they offer small loaves and soup crackers for free, but I'm so extra, I bought my own loaf.

   • 2017, Claire Craig, "#Instabeauty", Northern Woman, November 2017, page 48:

     Shattered glass, pierced, bejewelled, chromed and glittered - nails are going totally extra on Insta at the minute and we approve.

   • 2019, Michelle Spottswood, quoted in Kirby Myers, "Does Christmas in your house start before or after Thanksgiving", Key West Weekly, 21 November 2019, page 7:

     Two months of Christmas trees, Christmas movies and Christmas music brings so much fun to our home, we are so extra with it!

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:extra.

Derived terms

• extraness

Translations

Adverb

extra (not comparable)

1. (informal) To an extraordinary degree.

Translations

Noun

extra (plural extras)

1. Something additional, such as an item above and beyond the ordinary school curriculum, or added to the usual charge on a bill.

   Synonyms: addition, supplement

2. An extra edition of a newspaper, which is printed outside of the normal printing cycle.

3. (cricket) A run scored without the ball having hit the striker's bat - a wide, bye, leg bye or no ball.

   Synonym: sundry

4. (acting) A supernumerary or walk-on in a film or play.
5. Something of an extra quality or grade. (Can we add an example for this sense?)

Synonyms

• (something additional): See also Thesaurus:adjunct

Derived terms

• wuxtry

Translations

Derived terms

• extra credit

Anagrams

• Artex, retax, taxer

Dutch

Pronunciation

Adjective

extra (not comparable)

1. extra
2. (Limburg) on purpose

Inflection

Descendants

• ? Indonesian: ekstra

See also

• expres

French

Adjective

extra (plural extras)

1. extra, additional
2. great, super, famous

Noun

extra m or f (plural extras)

1. extra, supplement

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??ks.t?a/

Adjective

extra (not comparable)

1. (colloquial) Alternative form of extra- (“extra, special, additional”)

Usage notes

• In formal standard German, extra- is a prefix attached to the following noun. In colloquial German, however, it is often treated like a real adjective. The substantival (or partitive) form used with indefinite pronouns may also take -s: was Extras (“something additional, something on top”).

Adverb

extra

1. specifically (for a given purpose)

   Synonym: eigens

2. (colloquial) on purpose

   Synonyms: absichtlich, mit Absicht

3. (colloquial) aside, apart, separately

   Synonyms: einzeln, getrennt, separat

4. (colloquial) particularly, very

   Synonyms: besonders, sehr

Usage notes

• In the sense of “specifically”, extra has entered the standard language and is now frequently seen in writing. The other senses remain colloquial.

Hungarian

Etymology

From German extra, from Latin extra.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??kstr?]
• Hyphenation: ext?ra
• Rhymes: -r?

Adjective

extra (comparative extrább, superlative legextrább)

1. extra (beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; extraneous; additional)

Declension

Noun

extra (plural extrák)

1. luxury features (e.g. in vehicles)

Declension

References

Ido

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ekstra/, /e?ztra/

Adjective

extra

1. extra

Italian

Adjective

extra (invariable)

1. extra
2. select (best quality)

Noun

extra m (invariable)

1. extra (something additional)

Latin

Etymology

Adverb contracted from the ablative exter? (parte), of exter.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?ek.stra?/, [??ks?(t?)?ä?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?ek.stra/, [??kst???]

Preposition

extr? (+ accusative)

1. outside of
2. beyond

Derived terms

Descendants

References

• extra in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• extra in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• extra in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• extra in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700?^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?es.t??/

Adjective

extra m or f (plural extras, comparable)

1. extra (beyond what is due, usual, expected or necessary)

   Synonym: adicional

Noun

extra m (plural extras)

1. anything that is extra
2. bonus (extra amount of money given as a premium)

   Synonym: bónus

Noun

extra m, f (plural extras)

1. (film) extra; walk-on (actor in a small role with no dialogue)

   Synonym: figurante

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?e?st?a/, [?e??s.t??a]

Adjective

extra (plural extras)

1. additional, extra
2. superior
3. extraordinary

   Synonym: extraordinario

Derived terms

• horas extras

Swedish

Pronunciation

Adjective

extra

1. extra

Related terms

Adverb

extra

1. extra

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /f???/
• Rhymes: -??

Etymology 1

From Middle English fressh, from Old English fersc (“fresh, pure, sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *frisk (“fresh”), from Proto-Germanic *friskaz (“fresh”), from Proto-Indo-European *preysk- (“fresh”).

Cognate with Scots fresch (“fresh”), West Frisian farsk (“fresh”), Dutch vers (“fresh”), Walloon frexh (“fresh”), German frisch (“fresh”), French frais (“fresh”), Norwegian and Danish frisk (“fresh”), fersk, Icelandic ferskur (“fresh”), Lithuanian pr?skas (“unflavoured, tasteless, fresh”), Russian ???????? (présnyj, “sweet, fresh, unleavened, tasteless”). Doublet of fresco.

Slang sense possibly shortened form of “fresh out the pack”, 1980s routine by Grand Wizzard Theodore.

Adjective

fresh (comparative fresher, superlative freshest)

1. Newly produced or obtained; recent.

2. (of food) Not cooked, dried, frozen, or spoiled.

   Antonym: stale

3. (of plant material) Still green and not dried.

4. Invigoratingly cool and refreshing.

   Synonym: cool

5. (of water) Without salt; not saline.

   Antonym: saline

   • a. 1628, Sir Francis Drake (?), The World Encompassed, Nicholas Bourne (publisher, 1628), page 49:

   • 1820, William Scoresby, An Account of the Arctic Regions, Archibald Constable & Co., page 230:

   • 2009, Adele Pillitteri, Maternal and Child Health Nursing, Sixth Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, ?ISBN, page 1557:

6. Rested; not tired or fatigued.

   Synonym: rested

   Antonym: tired

   • Before the match, Hodgson had expressed the hope that his players would be fresh rather than rusty after an 18-day break from league commitments because of two successive postponements.

7. In a raw or untried state; uncultured; unpracticed.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:inexperienced

8. Youthful; florid.
9. (slang) Good, fashionable.

   Synonyms: cool, fashionable
10. (archaic, slang) Tipsy; drunk.
    • 1840, Parliamentary Papers (volume 9, page 43)

      How long did Mr. Crisp stay with you?—He might have stayed two hours; he stayed some time after; he drank ale and got fresh.

Derived terms

Translations

Adverb

fresh (not comparable)

1. recently; just recently; most recently

   We are fresh out of milk.

Noun

fresh (plural freshes)

1. A rush of water, along a river or onto the land; a flood.
   • 1834, David Crockett, A Narrative of the Life of David Crockett (Nebraska, 1987), page 21:

     They went on very well with their work until it was nigh done, when there came the second epistle to Noah's fresh, and away went their mill, shot, lock, and barrel.

2. A stream or spring of fresh water.
   • c. 1610-11, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, Act III, Scene ii^[4]:

     […] And take his bottle from him. / When that's gone, / He shall drink naught but brine, for I'll not show him / Where the quick freshes are.

3. The mingling of fresh water with salt in rivers or bays, as by means of a flood of fresh water flowing toward or into the sea.

Verb

fresh (third-person singular simple present freshes, present participle freshing, simple past and past participle freshed)

1. (commercial fishing) To pack (fish) loosely on ice.
2. To flood or dilute an area of salt water with flowing fresh water.
3. (of wind) To become stronger.
4. To rebore the barrel of a rifle or shotgun.
5. To update.
6. To freshen up.
7. To renew.
8. (of a dairy cow) to give birth to a calf.

References

Etymology 2

1848, US slang, probably from German frech (“impudent, cheeky, insolent”), from Middle High German vrech (“bold, brave, lively”), from Old High German freh (“greedy, eager, avaricious, covetous”), from Proto-Germanic *frekaz (“greedy, outrageous, courageous, capable, active”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pereg- (“to be quick, twitch, sprinkle, splash”). Cognate with Old English frec (“greedy; eager, bold, daring; dangerous”) and Danish fræk (“naughty”). More at freak.

Adjective

fresh (comparative fresher, superlative freshest)

1. Rude, cheeky, or inappropriate; presumptuous; disrespectful; forward.

2. Sexually aggressive or forward; prone to caress too eagerly; overly flirtatious.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:cheeky

Derived terms

Translations

Anagrams

• Fehrs