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evolution
English
Wikiversity
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin ?vol?ti?, ?vol?ti?nis (“the act of unrolling, unfolding or opening (of a book)”), from ?vol?tus, perfect passive participle of ?volv? (“unroll, unfold”), from ex + volv? (“roll”).
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?i?v??lu??(?)n/, /?v??lu??(?)n/
- (General American) enPR: ?v'?-lo?o?sh?n, ?v'?-, -lo?osh?n, IPA(key): /??v??lu?(?)n/, /?iv?-/
- Rhymes: -u???n
- Hyphenation: evo?lu?tion
Noun
evolution (countable and uncountable, plural evolutions)
- A change of position.
- (military) A manoeuvre of troops or ships. [from 17th c.]
- 1751, Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, vol. IV, ch. 106:
- Mean while, he never failed to be present, when any regiment, or corps of men, were drawn out to be exercised and reviewed, and accompanied them in all their evolutions […] .
- 1779, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, p. 117:
- Major Holroyd, who acted as the General, was extremely polite, and attentive, and came to us between every evolution, to explain and talk over the manoeuvres.
- 1751, Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, vol. IV, ch. 106:
- (chiefly dance, sports) A turning movement, especially of the body. [from 17th c.]
- 1751, Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, vol. III, ch. 91:
- Our necromancer […] taking up his wand, waved it around his head in a very mysterious motion, with a view of intimidating these forward visitants, who, far from being awed by this sort of evolution, became more and more obstreperous […] .
- 1869, Anon., Miss Langley's Will:
- It was a critical instant: the pirouette -- it would fail, she feared. … the rapid whirl achieved in exact time, the whole evolution executed to perfection.
- 1825, Theodore Edward Hook, Sayings and Doings: Passion and principle:
- … as he beheld the tenfold pirouette of a lovely girl, which presented to the public eye the whole of her form and figure; … to praise the dexterity and ease with which the unfortunate and degraded creature had performed the ungraceful evolution, the only merit of which, is the gross exposition of person, at which modesty shudders […]
- 1863, Knightley Willia Horlock, The master of the hounds:
- "Look now, that pirouette -- my stars! how Beauchamp would stare to see his darling perform such an evolution!"
- 1869, William Clarke, The boy's own book:
- By this operation each foot will describe an arc or segment of a circle. … This evolution is performed sometimes on one foot, sometimes on the other …
- 1751, Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, vol. III, ch. 91:
- (obsolete) A turned or twisted shape; an involution, a complex or intricate shape. [18th c.]
- 1791, James Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson, Oxford 2008, p. 298:
- ‘It is not in the showy evolutions of buildings, but in the multiplicity of human habitations which are crouded together, that the wonderful immensity of London consists.’
- 1791, James Boswell, Life of Samuel Johnson, Oxford 2008, p. 298:
- (military) A manoeuvre of troops or ships. [from 17th c.]
- An unfolding.
- (now rare) The act or process of unfolding or opening out; the progression of events in regular succession. [from 17th c.]
- 1801, Erasmus Darwin, Zoonomia:
- The world […] might have been gradually produced from very small beginnings […] rather than by a sudden evolution of the whole by the Almighty fiat.
- 1801, Erasmus Darwin, Zoonomia:
- (geometry) The opening out of a curve; now more generally, the gradual transformation of a curve by a change of the conditions generating it. [from 17th c.]
- (mathematics, now chiefly historical) The extraction of a root from a given power. [from 17th c.]
- (chemistry) The act or an instance of giving off gas; emission. [from 18th c.]
- (now rare) The act or process of unfolding or opening out; the progression of events in regular succession. [from 17th c.]
- Process of development.
- Development; the act or result of developing what was implicit in an idea, argument etc. [from 17th c.]
- 2005, Eckhart Tolle, A New Earth:
- Suffering has a noble purpose: the evolution of consciousness and the burning up of the ego.
- 2005, Eckhart Tolle, A New Earth:
- A process of gradual change in a given system, subject, product etc., especially from simpler to more complex forms. [from 18th c.]
- 1976, Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene:
- There are some examples of cultural evolution in birds and monkeys, but […] it is our own species that really shows what cultural evolution can do.
- 1976, Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene:
- (biology) The transformation of animals, plants and other living things into different forms (now understood as a change in genetic composition) by the accumulation of changes over successive generations. [from 19th c.]
- 1976, Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene:
- [Some books have] made the erroneous assumption that the important thing in evolution is the good of the species (or the group) rather than the good of the individual (or the gene).
- 1976, Richard Dawkins, The Selfish Gene:
- Development; the act or result of developing what was implicit in an idea, argument etc. [from 17th c.]
Antonyms
- (accumulation of change): stagnation
- (gradual process): revolution
- (survival through adaptation): extinction
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
See also
- Darwinism
- neo-Darwinism
References
- evolution at OneLook Dictionary Search
- evolution in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
- "evolution" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 120.
- evolution in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- evolution in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
Swedish
Noun
evolution c
- evolution; development
- (biology) evolution
Declension
Derived terms
- evolutionär
See also
- utveckling
evolution From the web:
- what evolution was evident in darwin's finches
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indexphp From the web:
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