different between even vs permanent

English

Alternative forms

• eben (etymology 1: adverb, adjective)
• e'en (etymology 1: adverb, etymology 2: noun; contraction, poetic, archaic)

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?i?v?n/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?iv?n/, /?ivn?/
• Rhymes: -i?v?n
• Hyphenation: e?ven

Etymology 1

From Middle English even, from Old English efen, efn, emn (“even, equal, like, level, just, impartial, true”), from Proto-West Germanic *ebn, from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz (“flat, level, even; equal, straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *(h?)em-no- (“equal, straight; flat, level, even”).

Cognate with West Frisian even (“even”), Low German even (“even”), Dutch even (“even, equal, same”), effen, German eben (“even, flat, level”), Danish jævn (“even, flat, smooth”), Swedish jämn (“even, level, smooth”), Icelandic jafn, jamn (“even, equal”), Old Cornish eun (“equal, right”) (attested in Vocabularium Cornicum eun-hinsic (“iustus, i. e., just”)), Old Breton eun (“equal, right”) (attested in Eutychius Glossary eunt (“aequus, i. e., equal”)), Middle Breton effn, Breton eeun, Sanskrit ?????? (amnás, “(adverb) just, just now; at once”).

The verb descends from Middle English evenen, from Old English efnan; the adverb from Middle English evene, from Old English efne.

The traditional proposal connecting the Germanic adjective with the root Proto-Indo-European *h?eym-, (Latin im?g? (“picture, image, likeness, copy”), Latin aemulus (“competitor, rival”), Sanskrit ???? (yamás, “pair, twin”)) is problematic from a phonological point of view.

Adjective

even (comparative more even, superlative most even)

1. Flat and level.

2. Without great variation.

3. Equal in proportion, quantity, size, etc.

4. (not comparable, of an integer) Divisible by two.

5. (of a number) Convenient for rounding other numbers to; for example, ending in a zero.
   • 1989, Jerry Sterner, Other People's Money, Act I:

     Coles. How many shares have you bought, Mr. Garfinkle?

     Garfinkle. One hundred and ninety-six thousand. […]

     Jorgenson. […] How'd you figure out to buy such an odd amount? Why not two hundred thousand — nice even number. Thought you liked nice even numbers.

   • 1998, Marya Hornbacher, Wasted, chapter 8, 1999 HarperPerennial paperback edition, ?ISBN, page 253 [1]:

     He put me on the scale in my underwear and socks: 82 pounds. […] I left, humming all day long, remembering that once upon a time my ideal weight had been 84, and now I'd even beaten that. I decided 80 was a better number, a nice even number to be.

6. On equal monetary terms; neither owing nor being owed.
7. (colloquial) On equal terms of a moral sort; quits.

8. parallel; on a level; reaching the same limit.
   • 1611, Bible (King James Version), Luke xix. 44

     And shall lay thee even with the ground.

9. (obsolete) Without an irregularity, flaw, or blemish; pure.
10. (obsolete) Associate; fellow; of the same condition.
    • c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe, Bible - Matthew 18.29

      His even servant.

Usage notes

• Because of confusion with the "divisible by two" sense, use of even to mean "convenient for rounding" is rare; the synonym round is more common.

Synonyms

• (flat and level): flat, level, uniform; see also Thesaurus:smooth
• (without great variation): regular, monotone (voice); see also Thesaurus:steady
• (equal): level, on par; see also Thesaurus:equal
• (convenient for rounding): round
• (on equal monetary terms): quits (colloquial, UK)
• (on equal moral terms): quits, square

Antonyms

• (flat and level): uneven
• (divisible by two): odd

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

even (third-person singular simple present evens, present participle evening, simple past and past participle evened)

1. (transitive) To make flat and level.

   • This temple Xerxes evened with the soil.
2. (transitive, obsolete) To equal.
   • 1639, Thomas Fuller, The Historie of the Holy Warre

     to even him in valour

3. (intransitive, obsolete) To be equal.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of R. Carew to this entry?)

4. (transitive, obsolete) To place in an equal state, as to obligation, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side; to balance, as accounts; to make quits.
5. (transitive, obsolete) To set right; to complete.
6. (transitive, obsolete) To act up to; to keep pace with.

Synonyms

• (to make flat and level): flatten, level
• (to equal): match
• (to place in an equal state): settle

Derived terms

Translations

Adverb

even (not comparable)

1. (archaic) Exactly, just, fully.
2. In reality; implying an extreme example in the case mentioned, as compared to the implied reality.
   • Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers, […]. Even such a boat as the Mount Vernon offered a total deck space so cramped as to leave secrecy or privacy well out of the question, even had the motley and democratic assemblage of passengers been disposed to accord either.
3. Emphasizing a comparative.

4. Signalling a correction of one's previous utterance; rather, that is.

Synonyms

• (exactly, just, fully): definitely, precisely; see also Thesaurus:exactly
• (implying extreme example): so much as
• (correction to previous utterance): See Thesaurus:in other words

Derived terms

• even as we speak
• even so
• even though
• not even (adverb)
• not even one

Translations

Noun

even (plural evens)

1. (mathematics, diminutive) An even number.

Translations

References

Etymology 2

From Middle English even, from Old English ?fen, from Proto-Germanic *?banþs.

Cognate with Dutch avond, Low German Avend, German Abend, Danish aften. See also the related terms eve and evening.

Noun

even (plural evens)

1. (archaic or poetic) Evening.
   • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Matthew ch. 8:

     When the even was come they brought unto him many that were possessed with devylles [...].

   • 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 28:

     When sparkling stars twire not, thou gild'st the even.

Synonyms

• evening, eventide; see also Thesaurus:evening

Derived terms

• evenfall
• evensong
• yestereven

Related terms

• eve
• evening

Translations

Anagrams

• Neve, eevn, neve, névé

Dutch

Alternative forms

• effen (for the temporal senses of the adverb; colloquial)
• effe (for the temporal senses of the adverb; colloquial)
• ff (for the temporal senses of the adverb; slang, common chat abbreviation)

Etymology

From Middle Dutch even, effen, from Old Dutch *evan, from Proto-West Germanic *ebn, from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?e?.v?(n)/
• Hyphenation: even
• Rhymes: -e?v?n

Adverb

even

1. shortly, briefly

2. for a short period, for a while

3. for a moment; modal particle indicating that the speaker expects that something will require little time or effort.

4. just as, to the same degree (used with an adjective)

5. (Netherlands) quite, rather

Synonyms

• eventjes
• effentjes

Adjective

even (not comparable)

1. even, opposite of odd

Inflection

Antonyms

• oneven

Derived terms

• evenals

Anagrams

• veen
• neve

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *evan, from Proto-West Germanic *ebn, from Proto-Germanic *ebnaz.

Adjective

?ven

1. even, equal

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: even
• Limburgish: aeve

Adverb

?ven

1. just as, equally

Descendants

• Dutch: even

Further reading

• “even (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• “even (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “even (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page I
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “evene (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page evene

Middle English

Alternative forms

• eve, aven, yeven

Etymology

From Old English ?fen, from Proto-West Germanic *?banþ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???v?n/

Noun

even (plural evenes)

1. eve

Descendants

• English: eve, even
• Scots: evin, ewin, e'en, een
• Yola: eave

References

• “?ve(n, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

even m

1. definite singular of eve

Anagrams

• Even, even, evne, neve, veen, vene

English

Etymology

Used in English since 15th century, from Middle French permanent, from Latin permanens, from perman?o (“I stay through”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /?p?m?n?nt/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?p??m?n?nt/
• Hyphenation: per?ma?nent

Adjective

permanent (comparative more permanent, superlative most permanent)

1. Without end, eternal.

2. Lasting for an indefinitely long time.

Synonyms

• (without end): everlasting, neverending, unending; see also Thesaurus:eternal or Thesaurus:endless
• (lasting for an indefinitely long time): durable, intransient; see also Thesaurus:lasting

Antonyms

• impermanent, temporary

Derived terms

Related terms

• permafrost
• permatemp

Translations

Noun

permanent (plural permanents)

1. A chemical hair treatment imparting or removing curliness, whose effects typically last for a period of weeks; a perm.
   • 1943, Raymond Chandler, The High Window, Penguin 2005, p. 8:

     She had pewter-coloured hair set in a ruthless permanent, a hard beak and large moist eyes with the sympathetic expression of wet stones.

2. (linear algebra, combinatorics) Given an ${\displaystyle n\times n}$ matrix ${\displaystyle a_{ij}\,}$, the sum over all permutations ${\displaystyle \pi \,}$ of ${\displaystyle \prod _{i=1}^{n}{a_{i\pi (i)}}}$.
3. (collectible card games) A card whose effects persist beyond the turn on which it is played.

Translations

See also

• determinant
• ephemeral
• relaxer
• temporary

Verb

permanent (third-person singular simple present permanents, present participle permanenting, simple past and past participle permanented)

1. (transitive, dated) To perm (the hair).

Further reading

• permanent in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• permanent in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• permanent at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• Petermann, merpentan

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /p??.m??nent/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /p?r.m??nen/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /pe?.ma?nent/

Adjective

permanent (masculine and feminine plural permanents)

1. permanent

Related terms

• permanència
• permanentment

Further reading

• “permanent” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

French

Etymology

From Latin permanentem (accusative of permanens).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p??.ma.n??/

Adjective

permanent (feminine singular permanente, masculine plural permanents, feminine plural permanentes)

1. permanent

Derived terms

• ordre permanent

Noun

permanent m (plural permanents)

1. (mathematics) permanent

Related terms

• permanence
• impermanent

Further reading

• “permanent” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

German

Etymology

Borrowed from French permanent.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p??ma?n?nt/

Adjective

permanent (not comparable)

1. permanent

Declension

Adverb

permanent

1. permanently, incessantly

Synonyms

• ständig, unaufhörlich

Further reading

• “permanent” in Duden online

Ladin

Alternative forms

• permanënt

Adjective

permanent m (feminine singular permanenta, masculine plural permanents, feminine plural permanentes)

1. permanent

Latin

Verb

permanent

1. third-person plural present active indicative of permane?

Middle French

Adjective

permanent m (feminine singular permanente, masculine plural permanents, feminine plural permanentes)

1. permanent

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin permanens

Adjective

permanent (neuter singular permanent, definite singular and plural permanente)

1. permanent
2. (as an adverb) permanently

References

• “permanent” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin permanens

Adjective

permanent (neuter singular permanent, definite singular and plural permanente)

1. permanent

References

• “permanent” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romanian

Etymology

From French permanent

Adjective

permanent m or n (feminine singular permanent?, masculine plural permanen?i, feminine and neuter plural permanente)

1. permanent

Declension