different between est vs erst

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?st/
• Rhymes: -?st

Etymology 1

From Middle English este, from Old English ?st (“will, consent, favour, grace, liberality, munificence, bounty, kindness, love, good pleasure, harmony, liberal gifts, luxuries”), from Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“favour, affection”), from Proto-Indo-European *?n- (“to notice; face, mouth”) or from *h?neh?- (“to bestow, offer, help; to enjoy”). Cognate with Icelandic ást (“affection, love”), Dutch gunst (“favour, grace, courtesy, privilege”), German Gunst (“favour, goodwill, boon”), Danish yndest (“favour”), Swedish ynnest (“favour, indulgence, grace”). More at own.

Alternative forms

• este

Noun

est (usually uncountable, plural ests)

1. (obsolete) Grace; favour.

Etymology 2

Alternative forms

• est.

Adjective

est (not comparable)

1. Abbreviation of established.
   • 2010, Julie Turjoman, Brave New Knits (page 49)

     Work sleeve, sl raglan marker, work in ribbing as est to cable marker

Derived terms

• re-est

Etymology 3

Initialism.

Alternative forms

• EST

Noun

est (uncountable)

1. Erhard Seminars Training, a course intended to promote satisfaction with life in the present moment, as opposed to strivings to attain it.

Anagrams

• ETS, ETs, SET, STE, Set, StE, Ste, Ste., TEs, TSE, Tse, set, se?, tse

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ?ast.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?est/

Noun

est m (uncountable)

1. east

Synonyms

• orient, llevant

See also

(compass points) punt cardinal;

Further reading

• “est” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “est” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “est” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “est” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Cornish

Etymology

From English est.

Noun

est m

1. east

Synonyms

• howldrehevel
• howldrevel

Antonyms

• gorlewin
• howlsedhes
• west

Derived terms

• north-est (“north-east”)
• soth-est (“south-east”)

Corsican

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??st/
• Hyphenation: est

Noun

est m (uncountable)

1. Alternative form of este

References

• “este, est” in INFCOR: Banca di dati di a lingua corsa

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse est, from Proto-Germanic *izi, with addition of -t from the preterite-present verbs. The Germanic form goes back to Proto-Indo-European *h?ési, cognate with Latin es, Ancient Greek ?? (eî), Sanskrit ??? (ási).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??sd?]

Verb

est

1. (archaic-verb-form) present tense second-person singular of være (“(thou) art”)
   • 1812, Udvalgte danske Viser fra Middelalderen, page 19

     Om jeg end Engene hver Nat / I Sorgen maa betræde, / Din Magt den har mig altid fat, / Dog du est ej tilstede: ...

     Even if I, each night, the meadows / Must walk upon, mourningly, / Thy power always has its grip on me, / Though thou art not present: ...

   • 1863, Ludvig baron Holberg, Frederik Ludvig LIEBENBERG, Vilhelm MARSTRAND, Ludvig Holbergs Peder Paars, udgivet for det Holbergske Samfund af F. L. Liebenberg, page 152

     Jeg nesten gietter hvad til saadant dig har dreven: / Du est vist uden Tvivl for Døden bange bleven. / Rak, giør Dig reede strax, paa Rejsen dig begiv, / Kald Folket sammen; see, du redde kand dit Liv!

     I can sort of guess what has driven thee to such things: / Undoubtedly, thou art become frightened of death. / Rabble, prepare thyself straight away, commence the journey, / Call together the people; see, thou canst save thy life!

Elfdalian

Noun

est m

1. horse

Declension

French

Etymology 1

From Old French, from Old English ?ast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?st/
• Rhymes: -?st

Adjective

est (invariable)

1. east

Noun

est m (uncountable)

1. east

Derived terms

• Grand Est
• heure normale de l'est

Descendants

• ? Asturian: este
• ? Catalan: est
• ? Corsican: este, est
• ? Galician: leste
• ? Italian: est
• ? Occitan: èst
• ? Portuguese: este, ? leste
• ? Romanian: est
• ? Spanish: este

Synonyms

• orient, levant

Etymology 2

From Latin est, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h?ésti.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?/
• Homophones: ai, aie, aies, aient, ais, ait, es, hais, hait

Verb

est

1. third-person singular present indicative of être

Derived terms

• c'est

Anagrams

• set, Ste., tes

Further reading

• “est” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Hungarian

Etymology

From the es- stem of the verb esik (“to fall”) +? -t (noun-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [???t]
• Rhymes: -??t

Noun

est (plural estek)

1. (archaic) evening, eve

   Synonym: este

2. (literary, by extension) recital, party (in the evening)

Declension

Derived terms

References

Further reading

• est in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ?ast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??st/

Noun

est m (invariable)

1. east

   Synonyms: oriente, levante

See also

• nord
• ovest
• sud
• punto cardinale

Anagrams

• set

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *h?ésti. Cognate with Sanskrit ????? (ásti), Ancient Greek ???? (estí), Old Persian ???????????????????? (a-s-t-i-y /astiy/), Hittite ???????????? (?szi), Old Church Slavonic ???? (jest?), Gothic ???????????? (ist).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /est/, [?s?t?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /est/, [?st?]

Verb

est

1. third-person singular present active indicative of sum

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:est.

Derived terms

• quid est nomen tibi?
• mihi nomen est

Descendants

Etymology 2

Form of the verb ed? (“I eat”). Cognate with Russian ???? (jest?).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /e?st/, [e?s?t?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /est/, [?st?]

Verb

?st

1. third-person singular present active indicative of ed?

Synonyms

• edit

References

• est in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Middle English

Alternative forms

• æst, este, eest, east, easte

Etymology

From Old English ?ast, in turn from Proto-Germanic *austr?.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??st/

Noun

est

1. east, easternness
2. A location to the south; the south
3. The Orient

Coordinate terms

• (compass point): north, south, west

Related terms

• esturne
• estward

Descendants

• English: east
• Scots: aist, eist

References

• “?st, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 29-03-2018.

Adverb

est

1. To the east, eastwards, eastbound
2. From the east, eastern
3. In the east

Descendants

• English: east
• Scots: aist, eist

Middle French

Verb

est

1. third-person singular present indicative of estre

Norman

Alternative forms

• êt (continental Normandy)
• êst (Jersey)

Etymology

From Old French, from Old English ?ast.

Noun

est m (uncountable)

1. (Guernsey, Sark) east

Old English

Alternative forms

• ?st

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *anstiz (“grace, thanks”), derivative of Proto-Germanic *unnan? (“to grant, thank”), from Proto-Indo-European *?n- (“to notice; face, mouth”). Cognate with Old Saxon anst (“grace, favour”), Old High German anst (“goodwill, benevolence, thanks, grace”), Gothic ???????????????????? (ansts, “joy, grace, thankfulness”). Related to Old English unnan (“to grant, allow”). More at own.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e?st/

Noun

?st m or f (nominative plural ?ste)

1. consent, grace, favor; kindness
2. pleasure

Declension

• Masculine

• Feminine

Synonyms

• ?r, ?re

Descendants

• Middle English: este
  • English: est, este (obsolete)

Old French

Alternative forms

• ?

Verb

est

1. third-person singular present indicative of estre

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French est, from Old English ?ast.

Noun

est n (uncountable)

1. east

Declension

Synonyms

• orient
• r?s?rit

Coordinate terms

• (compass points) punct cardinal;

Further reading

• est in DEX online - Dic?ionare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin est, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h?ésti.

Pronunciation

Verb

est

1. third-person singular present indicative of èssere

Swedish

Pronunciation

Noun

est c

1. Estonian; a person from Estonia

Declension

See also

• estländsk
• estniska
• estnisk

Anagrams

• Set, set, tes

Welsh

Pronunciation

• (North Wales) IPA^(key): /?sd/, [?st]
• (South Wales) IPA^(key): /e?sd/, [e?st], /?sd/, [?st]

Verb

est

1. (colloquial) second-person singular preterite of mynd

Synonyms

• aethost (literary)

English

Alternative forms

• arste
• yerst (dialectal)

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /?st/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??st/

Etymology 1

From Middle English erste, from Old English ?resta (“first”), from Proto-West Germanic *airist (“earliest, first”), equivalent to ere +? -est. Cognate with North Frisian eerst, ærst (“first”), West Frisian earst (“first”), Dutch eerste (“first”), German erste (“first”).

Adjective

erst (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) First.

Etymology 2

From Middle English erst, arst, erest, from Old English ?rest (“first, erst, at first, before all”), from Proto-West Germanic *airist(?) (“erst”). Cognate with Scots erst (“erst”), Dutch eerst.

Adverb

erst (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) First of all, before (some other specified thing).
   • 1567, Arthur Golding, Ovid's Metamorphoses, book 2, line 691:

     Consider what I erst have been and what thou seest me now:

2. (obsolete) Sooner (than); before.
3. (archaic, poetic) Formerly, once, erstwhile.
   • 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 12:

     When lofty trees I see barren of leaves

     Which erst from heat did canopy the herd

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:erst.

Derived terms

• erstwhile

Anagrams

• 'rest, -estr-, -ster, -ster-, ERTs, REST, Rest., SERT, TERs, estr-, rest, rest., rets, tres

German

Etymology

See the numeral erster.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e?rst/, [?e???st], [????st]

Adverb

erst

1. first, at first
2. only (with progress, accomplishments or the present time)

3. not until, not for, not before (with reference to a point or period of time in the future)

4. only, as recently as (with reference to the past)

5. short for erstmal

Usage notes

• With reference to time periods and moments, the opposite of erst is schon. Erst emphasizes how long it is until something happens or how recently it has happened, whereas schon how soon in the future or far in the past. Thus:

  erst in drei Wochen = "not for three weeks" [and that seems so far away]

  schon in drei Wochen = "in only three weeks" [and I'm glad I don't have to wait any longer]

• With reference to progress and the like, erst emphasizes how young or short, while schon emphasizes how old or long. Thus:

  Sie ist erst 28 Jahre alt  = "She's only 28" [and yet she has so many accomplishments/she looks so much older, etc.]

  Sie ist schon 28 Jahre alt = "She's already 28" [but it seems only yesterday that she was a little girl]

Synonyms

• (1.) zuerst

Related terms

• erster

Further reading

• “erst” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Old Frisian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?e?rst/, [???rst]

Adjective

?rst

1. Alternative form of ?rest

References

• Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, ?ISBN