different between essence vs proposition

English

Etymology

From French essence, from Latin essentia (“the being or essence of a thing”), from an artificial formation of esse (“to be”), to translate Ancient Greek ????? (ousía, “being”), from ?? (?n), present participle of ???? (eimí, “I am, exist”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??s?ns/

Noun

essence (countable and uncountable, plural essences)

2. The inherent nature of a thing or idea.
   • 1713 September 21, Joseph Addison, The Guardian, collected in The Works of the Late Right Honorable Joseph Addison, volume IV, Birmingham: John Baskerville, published 1761, page 263:

     CHARITY is a virtue of the heart, and not of the hands, ?ays an old writer. Gifts and alms are the expre??ions, not the e??ence of this virtue.
3. (philosophy) The true nature of anything, not accidental or illusory.
4. Constituent substance.
5. A being; especially, a purely spiritual being.
6. A significant feature of something.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

7. The concentrated form of a plant or drug obtained through a distillation process.

8. An extract or concentrate obtained from a plant or other matter used for flavouring.

9. Fragrance, a perfume.

Synonyms

• (inherent nature): quintessence, whatness; See also Thesaurus:essence
• (significant feature): gist, crux; See also Thesaurus:gist
• (fragrance): aroma, bouquet; See also Thesaurus:aroma

Derived terms

• in essence
• of the essence; time is of the essence

Related terms

• essential
• essentially
• essentialism
• quintessential

Translations

Further reading

• essence in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• essence in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• senesce

French

Etymology

From Old French, from Latin essentia. Sense 2 very likely from Latin ed? (“eat”), in the sense of 'what is eaten, fuel'. Many forms of the latter are indistinguishable from the former, and so the confusion with essence is very understandable.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /e.s??s/, /?.s??s/

Noun

essence f (plural essences)

1. (philosophy, theology) essence
2. petrol, gasoline
3. essence, essential oil

Derived terms

• poste d'essence
• station essence

Further reading

• “essence” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• censées

English

Etymology

From Middle English proposicioun, from Old French proposicion, from Latin pr?positi?, from the verb pr?pon?.

Pronunciation

• (US) enPR: präp'?-z?sh??n IPA^(key): /?p??p??z???n/
• Rhymes: -???n
• Hyphenation: prop?o?si?tion

Noun

proposition (countable and uncountable, plural propositions)

1. (uncountable) The act of offering (an idea) for consideration.
2. (countable) An idea or a plan offered.
3. (countable, business settings) The terms of a transaction offered.
4. (countable, US, politics) In some states, a proposed statute or constitutional amendment to be voted on by the electorate.
5. (grammar) A complete sentence.
   • c. 1888, The Popular Educator: a Complete Encyclopaedia of Elementary, Advanced, and Technical Education. New and Revised Edition. Volume I., p.98:

     Our English nouns remain unchanged, whether they form the subject or the object of a proposition.

6. (countable, logic) The content of an assertion that may be taken as being true or false and is considered abstractly without reference to the linguistic sentence that constitutes the assertion; (Aristotelian logic) a predicate of a subject that is denied or affirmed and connected by a copula.

7. (countable, mathematics) An assertion so formulated that it can be considered true or false.
8. (countable, mathematics) An assertion which is provably true, but not important enough to be called a theorem.
9. A statement of religious doctrine; an article of faith; creed.

   the propositions of Wyclif and Huss

   • 1654, Jeremy Taylor, XXVIII Sermons preached at Golden Grove […]

     Some persons […] change their propositions according as their temporal necessities or advantages do turn.

10. (poetry) The part of a poem in which the author states the subject or matter of it.
11. Misspelling of preposition.

Synonyms

• (act of offering an idea for consideration): proposal, suggestion
• (idea or plan offered): proposal, suggestion
• (terms offered): proposal
• (content of an assertion): statement
• (proposed statute or constitutional amendment):

Derived terms

• propositional

Translations

Verb

proposition (third-person singular simple present propositions, present participle propositioning, simple past and past participle propositioned)

1. (transitive, informal) To make a suggestion of sexual intercourse to (someone with whom one is not sexually involved).
2. (transitive, informal) To make an offer or suggestion to (someone).

Related terms

• propose

Translations

Anagrams

• opistoporin

Finnish

Noun

proposition

1. Genitive singular form of propositio.

French

Etymology

From Latin pr?positi? (“statement, proposition”), from pr?p?n? (“propose”), from p?n? (“place; assume”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p??.po.zi.sj??/
• Homophone: propositions

Noun

proposition f (plural propositions)

1. proposition, suggestion
2. (grammar) proposition
3. (grammar) clause

Further reading

• “proposition” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Middle English

Noun

proposition

1. Alternative form of proposicioun

Norman

Etymology

From Latin pr?positi?, pr?positi?nem.

Noun

proposition f (plural propositions)

1. (Jersey) proposition
2. (Jersey, grammar) clause

Derived terms

• proposition prîncipale (“main clause”)
• proposition s'gondaithe (“subordinate clause”)

Swedish

Noun

proposition c

1. a proposition, a government bill (draft of a law, proposed by the government)

Usage notes

• bills introduced by members of parliament are called motion

Declension

Related terms

• budgetproposition
• forskningsproposition
• försvarsproposition
• kompletteringsproposition
• kulturproposition
• propositionell
• statsverksproposition

References