different between environment vs ecodefence

English

Etymology

From Middle French environnement, equivalent to environ +? -ment. Compare French environnement.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?n?va???(n)m?nt/, /?n?va??(n)m?nt/, /-m?nt/, /?n?-/

Noun

environment (plural environments)

1. The surroundings of, and influences on, a particular item of interest.
2. The natural world or ecosystem.
3. All the elements that affect a system or its inputs and outputs.
4. A particular political or social setting, arena or condition.
5. (computing) The software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system.

6. (programming) The environment of a function at a point during the execution of a program is the set of identifiers in the function's scope and their bindings at that point.
7. (computing) The set of variables and their values in a namespace that an operating system associates with a process.

Synonyms

• umbworld

Derived terms

Related terms

• environ
• environmentalist
• environmentalism

Translations

References

• environment at OneLook Dictionary Search
• environment in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• environment in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• environment in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

English

Alternative forms

• eco-defence, ecodefence
• eco-defense, ecodefense

Etymology

Coined (as ecodefense) by David Foreman in his 1985 book Ecodefense: A Field Guide To Monkeywrenching: eco- +? defence = “defence of the environment”.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ?'k?d?f?ns?, IPA^(key): /?i?k??d??f?ns/

Noun

ecodefence (uncountable)

1. (originally US) Collectively, actions intended to disrupt human activities perceived to be damaging to the environment, typically including civil disobedience and illegal sabotage.
   • 1987: University of Waterloo Faculty of Environmental Studies, Alternatives, volume 14, unknown pages: (1), (2), (3), (4) (Trent University)

     ?¹? Ecodefence is a provocative call to those deeply concerned with the need for immediate protection of the limited wilderness areas remaining in Canada and the U.S.

     ?²? Foreman concedes that ecodefence is not the only answer to the defence and promotion of wilderness.

     ?³? The guide includes contributions from several different authors who, with the exception of Foreman, remain anonymous because the ecodefence tactics they advocate are acts of civil disobedience or crimes against property.

     ??? […] who should be included in the ecodefence groups, and how to ensure one’s own safety and the safety of those engaged in the activities one is trying to prevent. [¶] Despite the space dedicated to the safety issue, one walks away with the sense that ecodefence may be a very dangerous activity.

   • 1994: Richard Sylvan [aut.] and David Bennett [aut., ed.], The Greening of Ethics, page 211 (White Horse Press; ?ISBN, 9780816515042)

     Ecodefence groups are seen, generally unfavourably, as a mix of ‘Green Luddites’ and ‘Green Guerillas’ (neither comparison is very satisfactory; the latter description is inept, given that they generally avoid violence, in ordinary senses, and intend none, carry no weapons, and only venture out on occasional forays). One reason for the controversialness of the tactics is that ecodefence activities conflict, through direct commission, with the laws of the state, which are commonly arranged to allow, or even encourage, environmental devastation and vandalism.

   • 2002: Chris Atton, Alternative Media, page 124

     The front page leads with an editorial about the Gandalf trial under a typically confrontational headline: ‘Fuck you, pigs!’. The following three pages are taken up with the magazine’s regular ‘diaries’: of animal liberation, ecodefence and ‘community resistance’. Each attempts to list all examples of actions (both violent and peaceful) that have taken place in support of these causes since the previous issue.

Synonyms

• ecotage

See also

• ecodefence on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• monkeywrenching

References

“eco-defence n.” defined as a derived term of the prefix “eco-, comb. form”, listed in the Oxford English Dictionary [draft revision; Dec. 2009]