different between emperor vs czar

English

Alternative forms

• emperour (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English emperour, borrowed from Anglo-Norman emperour and Old French empereor (Modern French empereur), from Latin imper?tor (“emperor; commander”), from imper?re (“to command”). Doublet of imperator.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??mp???/, /??mp??/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /??mp???/, /??mp??/
• (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /?emp???/, /?emp??/

Noun

emperor (plural emperors)

1. The male monarch or ruler of an empire.
   • 1885, Miguel de Cervantes, John Ormsby (translator), Don Quixote Volume 2 Chapter XXIV

     They asked Julius Caesar, the valiant Roman emperor, what was the best death. He answered, that which is unexpected, which comes suddenly and unforeseen

2. Any monarch ruling an empire, irrespective of gender, with "empress" contrasting to mean when consort to emperor
   • 1994 Het Spinhuis, Transactions: Essays in Honor of Jeremy F. Boissevain

     In 690 Wu usurped the throne and became Emperor herself, which proved a unique event in the history of China.

   • 2002 The Heritage of World Civilizations: To 1700 page 226

     After his death in 683 she ruled for seven years as regent and then, deposing her son, became emperor herself, the only woman in Chinese history to hold the title.

   • 2008 Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation page 211

     Empress, imperial regent, and even emperor herself (r. 797–802), Irene was an important and powerful figure at the Byzantine court in the late eighth and early ninth century.

   • 2013 Voyages in World History page 213

     Originally the wife of the emperor, she engineered the imperial succession so that she could serve first as regent to a boy emperor and then as emperor herself.

   • 2016, Commander Pakydus, "Sindbad & the 7 Galaxies"

     Where is Sindbad? I have a summons for him direct from the galactic emperor herself. He is to be brought here immediately to give an explanation for his recent actions.

3. (political theory) Specifically, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire; the world-monarch.

4. The fourth trump or major arcana card of the tarot deck.
5. A large, relatively valuable marble in children's games.
6. Any fish of the family Lethrinidae.
7. (entomology) Any of various butterflies of the subfamily Charaxinae.
8. (entomology) Any of various large dragonflies of the cosmopolitan genus Anax.

Usage notes

• The only monarch presently styled "emperor" is the Emperor of Japan (??, tenn?). The British monarch ceased to be styled Emperor of India in 1948.
• An emperor is generally addressed as His Imperial Majesty.

Hyponyms

• barracks emperor

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Anagrams

• per orem

English

Etymology

See tsar. The spelling czar, the older spelling in English, comes from Sigismund von Herberstein's Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii ("Notes on Muscovite Affairs") of 1549. The alternative tsar began to replace it in the 19th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /z??(?)/, /ts??(?)/

Noun

czar (plural czars)

1. Alternative spelling of tsar (especially common in American English)
2. (informal, politics, US) An appointed official tasked to regulate or oversee a specific area.

Anagrams

• Racz, Z-car, z car

French

Noun

czar m (plural czars)

1. Archaic spelling of tsar.

Further reading

• “czar” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t??ar/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *?ar?, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ker- *k?r-, from Proto-Indo-European *k?er-.

Noun

czar m inan

1. spell (magic)

   Synonyms: zakl?cie, urok

2. allure, charm (quality of inspiring delight or admiration)

   Synonym: urok

Declension

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun

czar

1. genitive plural of czara

Further reading

• czar in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• czar in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• tsar, tzar

Etymology

From Russian ???? (car?), from Old East Slavic ?????? (c?sar?), from Old Church Slavonic ?????? (c?sar?), from Proto-Slavic *c?sa??, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of César and kaiser

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /?tsa?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?tsa?/, /?kza?/

Noun

czar m (plural czares, feminine czarina, feminine plural czarinas)

1. tsar