different between emperor vs augustus

English

Alternative forms

• emperour (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English emperour, borrowed from Anglo-Norman emperour and Old French empereor (Modern French empereur), from Latin imper?tor (“emperor; commander”), from imper?re (“to command”). Doublet of imperator.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??mp???/, /??mp??/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /??mp???/, /??mp??/
• (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /?emp???/, /?emp??/

Noun

emperor (plural emperors)

1. The male monarch or ruler of an empire.
   • 1885, Miguel de Cervantes, John Ormsby (translator), Don Quixote Volume 2 Chapter XXIV

     They asked Julius Caesar, the valiant Roman emperor, what was the best death. He answered, that which is unexpected, which comes suddenly and unforeseen

2. Any monarch ruling an empire, irrespective of gender, with "empress" contrasting to mean when consort to emperor
   • 1994 Het Spinhuis, Transactions: Essays in Honor of Jeremy F. Boissevain

     In 690 Wu usurped the throne and became Emperor herself, which proved a unique event in the history of China.

   • 2002 The Heritage of World Civilizations: To 1700 page 226

     After his death in 683 she ruled for seven years as regent and then, deposing her son, became emperor herself, the only woman in Chinese history to hold the title.

   • 2008 Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation page 211

     Empress, imperial regent, and even emperor herself (r. 797–802), Irene was an important and powerful figure at the Byzantine court in the late eighth and early ninth century.

   • 2013 Voyages in World History page 213

     Originally the wife of the emperor, she engineered the imperial succession so that she could serve first as regent to a boy emperor and then as emperor herself.

   • 2016, Commander Pakydus, "Sindbad & the 7 Galaxies"

     Where is Sindbad? I have a summons for him direct from the galactic emperor herself. He is to be brought here immediately to give an explanation for his recent actions.

3. (political theory) Specifically, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire; the world-monarch.

4. The fourth trump or major arcana card of the tarot deck.
5. A large, relatively valuable marble in children's games.
6. Any fish of the family Lethrinidae.
7. (entomology) Any of various butterflies of the subfamily Charaxinae.
8. (entomology) Any of various large dragonflies of the cosmopolitan genus Anax.

Usage notes

• The only monarch presently styled "emperor" is the Emperor of Japan (??, tenn?). The British monarch ceased to be styled Emperor of India in 1948.
• An emperor is generally addressed as His Imperial Majesty.

Hyponyms

• barracks emperor

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Anagrams

• per orem

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Augustus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?u????s.t?s/
• Hyphenation: au?gus?tus

Noun

augustus m (uncountable)

1. August (month)

Descendants

• Afrikaans: Augustus
• ? Indonesian: Agustus
• ? Papiamentu: ougùstùs

See also

• (Gregorian calendar months) maanden van de gregoriaanse kalender; januari, februari, maart, april, mei, juni, juli, augustus, september, oktober, november, december ^{(Category: nl:Months)}

Latin

Etymology

From auge? (“increase, grow, honor”). The month sext?lis was renamed after the emperor Augustus Caesar

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /au???us.tus/, [äu????s?t??s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /au???us.tus/, [?u???ust?us]

Adjective

augustus (feminine augusta, neuter augustum, comparative augustior, superlative augustissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. august, majestic, venerable
2. of August, the sixth month of the Roman calendar
3. Augustan (pertaining to the Emperor Augustus)
4. imperial, royal

Usage notes

• Originally a word of religious use, but given as a title to the emperor Augustus
• In Latin, the month names are used as adjectives. In the Classical period, this adjective modifies a noun identifying a particular day, from which the date was reckoned. In Medieval Latin and later periods, the adjective modifies a numeral for the day of the month.

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Synonyms

• (of the month of August): sext?lis

Related terms

Descendants

• Vulgar Latin: *agustus
  • Eastern Romance
    • Aromanian: agustu
    • Romanian: agust, gust
  • Franco-Provençal: août
  • Gallo-Italic
    • Emilian: agåsst
    • Ligurian: agósto
    • Lombard: agost, agust
    • Piedmontese: agust, aost, ost
  • Italo-Dalmatian
    • Corsican: aostu, austu, agostu
    • Dalmatian: aguast, agost
    • Italian: agosto
      • ? Cimbrian: agosto
    • Neapolitan: aùsto

      Tarantino: agúste

    • Sicilian: austu
      • ? Maltese: Awissu, Awwissu
  • Old French: aost
    • French: août
      • Guianese Creole: oût
      • Haitian Creole: out
      • Mauritian Creole: out
      • ? Persian: ???? (ut)
    • Norman:

      Cotentin: âot

      Guernsey: août, avout

      Jersey: Août

      Sark: u

    • Walloon: awousse
  • Old Occitan: agost
    • Catalan: agost
    • Occitan: agost
  • Rhaeto-Romance
    • Friulian: Avost
    • Ladin: aost
    • Romansch: avust, avuost, avost, uost
  • Sardinian: agústu, austu
  • Venetian: agosto
  • West Iberian
    • Extremaduran: agosto
    • Mozarabic: [script needed] (agóch), [script needed] (agóxt), [script needed] (agóxto)
    • Aragonese: agosto
    • Old Leonese: [Term?]
      • Asturian: agostu
      • Mirandese: Agosto
    • Old Portuguese: agosto
      • Fala: Agostu
      • Galician: agosto
      • Portuguese: agosto
        • Guinea-Bissau Creole: Agostu
        • Kabuverdianu: agostu
        • ? Hindi: ????? (agast)
        • ? Tetum: agostu
    • Old Spanish: agosto
      • Ladino: ogusto
      • Spanish: agosto (see there for further descendants)
  • ? Albanian: gusht
  • ? Old English: Agustus
    • Middle English: Augustus, August (relatinized)
      • English: August (see there for further descendants)
      • Scots: August
• ? Ancient Greek: ????????? (Aúgoustos)
  • Byzantine Greek: ????????? (Aúgoustos)
    • Greek: ????????? (Ávgoustos)
      • ? Aromanian: avgustu
    • ? Old East Slavic: ???????? (av?gust?)
      • Russian: ?????? (avgust) (see there for further descendants)
  • ? Coptic: ????????? (augoustos)
  • ? Old Armenian: ??????? (?gostos), ???????? (awgostos)
    • Armenian: ??????? (?gostos)
• ? Brythonic: [Term?]
  • Breton: Eost
  • Cornish: Est
  • Welsh: Awst

Unsorted borrowings

These borrowings are ultimately but perhaps not directly from Latin. They are organized into geographical and language family groups, not by etymology.

See also

• Augustus
• Roman calendar on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

References

• augustus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• augustus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• augustus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• augustus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• augustus in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia?^[1]
• augustus in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• augustus in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
• augustus in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

Latvian

Noun

augustus m

1. accusative plural form of augusts

Limburgish

Noun

augustus

1. August (month)

West Frisian

Etymology

From Latin augustus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?u???øst?s/

Noun

augustus c (plural augustussen)

1. August

   Synonym: rispmoanne

Further reading

• “augustus”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011