different between duty vs surcharge

English

Etymology

From Middle English duete, from Middle English dewe) + Middle English -te, (borrowed from Old French -te from Latin -t?tem, accusative masculine singular of -t?s). Akin to due + -ty (Alternative form of -ity).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?dju?ti/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /du?ti/
• Rhymes: -u?ti
• Homophone: doody (for some speakers)

Noun

duty (countable and uncountable, plural duties)

1. That which one is morally or legally obligated to do.
   • 1805, 21 October, Horatio Nelson

     England expects that every man will do his duty.

   • Captain Edward Carlisle […] felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, […]; he could not tell what this prisoner might do. He cursed the fate which had assigned such a duty, cursed especially that fate which forced a gallant soldier to meet so superb a woman as this under handicap so hard.
2. The state of being at work and responsible for or doing a particular task.

3. A tax placed on imports or exports; a tariff.

   customs duty; excise duty

4. (obsolete) One's due, something one is owed; a debt or fee.
   • 1526, William Tyndale, trans. Bible, Matthew XX:

     Take that which is thy duty, and goo thy waye.

5. (obsolete) Respect; reverence; regard; act of respect; homage.
6. The efficiency of an engine, especially a steam pumping engine, as measured by work done by a certain quantity of fuel; usually, the number of pounds of water lifted one foot by one bushel of coal (94 lbs. old standard), or by 1 cwt. (112 lbs., England, or 100 lbs., United States).

Usage notes

• Adjectives often used with "duty": public, private, moral, legal, social, double, civic, contractual, political, judicial, etc.

Synonyms

• (that which one is obligated to do): obligation

Antonyms

• duty-free (taxes)
• (that which one is obligated to do): right

Derived terms

Related terms

• due

Translations

Further reading

• duty in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• duty in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• duty at OneLook Dictionary Search

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?dut?]

Participle

duty

1. past passive participle of du?

Declension

English

Etymology

From Middle French surcharge, from Old French. Surface etymology is sur- +? charge. Doublet of supercharge.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?s??(?)t????(?)d??/

Noun

surcharge (plural surcharges)

1. An addition of extra charge on the agreed or stated price.

2. The part of the price of a subsidized good or service that is not covered by the subsidy and so must be paid by the consumer.
3. An excessive price charged e.g. to an unsuspecting customer.
4. (philately) An overprint on a stamp that alters (usually raises) the original nominal value of the stamp; used especially in times of hyperinflation.
5. (art) A painting in lighter enamel over a darker one that serves as the ground.
6. (law) A charge that has been omitted from an account as payment of a credit to the charged party.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Burrill to this entry?)

7. (law) A penalty for failure to exercise common prudence and skill in the performance of a fiduciary's duties.
8. (obsolete) An excessive load or burden.
9. (law, obsolete) The putting, by a commoner, of more animals on the common than he is entitled to.

Translations

See also

• surtax
• surcharged

Verb

surcharge (third-person singular simple present surcharges, present participle surcharging, simple past and past participle surcharged)

1. To apply a surcharge.
2. To overload; to overburden.
   • 1820, Charles Maturin, Melmoth the Wanderer, volume 1, page 150:

     The threat was soon fulfilled; the evening came on, prematurely darkened by clouds that seemed surcharged with a deluge.

3. (law) To overstock; especially, to put more cattle into (e.g. a common) than one has a right to do, or more than the herbage will sustain.
4. To show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Daniel to this entry?)

Antonyms

• discount

Translations

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sy?.?a??/
• Homophones: surchargent, surcharges

Etymology 1

sur- +? charge

Noun

surcharge f (plural surcharges)

1. overloading
2. (object-oriented programming) overloading

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

surcharge

1. first/third-person singular present indicative of surcharger
2. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of surcharger
3. second-person singular imperative of surcharger