different between downright vs firm
downright
English
Etymology
From Middle English dounright, dounri?t, equivalent to down- +? right.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?da?n??a?t/
Adjective
downright (comparative more downright, superlative most downright)
- (obsolete) Directed vertically; coming straight down.
- c. 1590, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 3, Act I, Scene 1,[1]
- Lord Stafford’s father, Duke of Buckingham,
- Is either slain or wounded dangerously;
- I cleft his beaver with a downright blow:
- 1611, John Donne, An Anatomy of the World, London: Samuel Macham,[2]
- We thinke the heavens enjoy their Sphericall
- Their round proportion embracing all.
- But yet their various and perplexed course,
- Observ’d in divers ages doth enforce
- Men to finde out so many Eccentrique parts,
- Such divers downe-right lines, such overthwarts,
- As disproportion that pure forme. […]
- c. 1590, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 3, Act I, Scene 1,[1]
- Directly to the point; plain
- Synonyms: unambiguous, unevasive
- 1728, Daniel Defoe, A System of Magick, Chapter 3, p. 314,[3]
- […] three Nights together he dreamt that he saw a Neighbouring Gentleman kissing his Mistress, and in downright English, lying with her.
- 1907, George Witton, Scapegoats of the Empire: The True Story of Breaker Morant’s Bushveldt Carbineers, Chapter 5,[4]
- There were miners from Klondyke, hunters from the backwoods, troopers from the Northwest Frontier Police, and included were some of the “hardest cases” that the land of the maple leaf ever produced; these were past-masters in the use of unique expletives, and for downright and original profanity it would hardly be possible to find their equal.
- 1920, Annie Shepley Omori and Kochi Doi, Diaries of Court Ladies of Old Japan, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, Translator’s Note,[5]
- English words and thought seem too downright a medium into which to render these evanescent, half-expressed sentences and poems—vague as the misty mountain scenery of her country, with no pronouns at all, and without verb inflections.
- Using plain direct language; accustomed to express opinions directly and bluntly; blunt.
- 1776, Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, London: W. Strahan & T. Cadell, Volume 1, Book 2, Chapter 2, p. 396,[6]
- It bears the evident marks of having originally been, what the honest and downright Doctor Douglass assures us it was, a scheme of fraudulent debtors to cheat their creditors.
- 1815, Jane Austen, Emma, Volume 1, Chapter 4,[7]
- There is an openness, a quickness, almost a bluntness in Mr. Weston, which every body likes in him, because there is so much good-humour with it—but that would not do to be copied. Neither would Mr. Knightley’s downright, decided, commanding sort of manner, though it suits him very well; his figure, and look, and situation in life seem to allow it; but if any young man were to set about copying him, he would not be sufferable.
- 1941, Emily Carr, Klee Wyck, Chapter 3,[8]
- The twisted trees and high tossed driftwood hinted that Skedans could be as thoroughly fierce as she was calm. She was downright about everything.
- 1776, Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, London: W. Strahan & T. Cadell, Volume 1, Book 2, Chapter 2, p. 396,[6]
- Complete; absolute
- Synonym: utter
- 1646, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, London: Edw. Dod & Nath. Ekins, 1650, Book I, Chapter 5, p. 13,[9]
- For although in that ancient and diffused adoration of Idols, unto the Priests and subtiler heads, the worship perhaps might be symbolicall, and as those Images some way related unto their deities; yet was the Idolatry direct and down-right in the people […] who may be made beleeve that any thing is God […] .
- 1749, Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling, Dublin: John Smith, Volume 3, Book 15, Chapter 3, p. 132,[10]
- ‘I see his Design,’ said she, ‘for he made downright Love to me Yesterday Morning; but as I am resolved never to admit it […] ’
- 1879, Robert Louis Stevenson, Edinburgh: Picturesque Notes, London: Seeley, 1903, Chapter 1,[11]
- The weather is raw and boisterous in winter, shifty and ungenial in summer, and a downright meteorological purgatory in the spring.
Synonyms
- right-down
- evendown
Derived terms
- downrightness
Adverb
downright (not comparable)
- Really; actually; quite
- Synonyms: thoroughly, utterly
- He wasn’t just cool to me, he was downright rude.
- 1716, Joseph Addison, The Drummer; or, The Haunted House, London: Jacob Tonson, Act I, Scene 1, p. 8,[12]
- Familiar! Madam, in Troth he’s down-right rude.
- 1753, Samuel Richardson, The History of Sir Charles Grandison, Volume 6, Letter 31, p. 208,[13]
- And, dear Lady G. he downright kissed me—My lip; and not my cheek—and in so fervent a way—
- (obsolete) Straight down; perpendicularly.
- 1851, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick, Chapter 36,[14]
- The three mates quailed before his strong, sustained, and mystic aspect. Stubb and Flask looked sideways from him; the honest eye of Starbuck fell downright.
- 1851, Herman Melville, Moby-Dick, Chapter 36,[14]
- (obsolete) Plainly, unambiguously; directly.
- c. 1599, William Shakespeare, As You Like It, Act III, Scene 4,[15]
- Rosalind. Not true in love?
- Celia. Yes, when he is in; but I think he is not in.
- Rosalind. You have heard him swear downright he was.
- 1741, Samuel Richardson, Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded, London: C. Rivington & J. Osborn, Volume 1, Letter 31, p. 146,[16]
- Well, ’tis not my Business to quarrel with her downright.
- c. 1599, William Shakespeare, As You Like It, Act III, Scene 4,[15]
- (obsolete) Without delay; at once.
- 1712, John Arbuthnot, John Bull in His Senses: Being the Second Part of Law is a Bottomless-Pit, London: John Morphew, Chapter 2, p. 14,[17]
- The reading of this Paper put Mrs. Bull in such a Passion, that she fell downright into a Fit, and they were forc’d to give her a good quantity of the Spirit of Hartshorn before she recover’d.
- 1712, John Arbuthnot, John Bull in His Senses: Being the Second Part of Law is a Bottomless-Pit, London: John Morphew, Chapter 2, p. 14,[17]
Synonyms
- right-down
Usage notes
"Downright" is used to intensify or emphasize the following adjective, which usually refers to some negative quality.
Translations
See also
- outright
Anagrams
- right-down
downright From the web:
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firm
English
Pronunciation
- (General American) IPA(key): /f??m/, [f?m]
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /f??m/
- Rhymes: -??(?)m
Etymology 1
From Italian firma (“signature”), from firmare (“to sign”), from Latin firmare (“to make firm, to confirm (by signature)”), from firmus (“firm, stable”). The contemporary sense developed in the 18th century simultaneously with German Firma (“business, name of business”). There are conflicting statements in the literature as to which of the two languages influenced which.
Noun
firm (plural firms)
- (Britain, business) A business partnership; the name under which it trades.
- (business, economics) A business enterprise, however organized.
- (slang) A criminal gang, especially based around football hooliganism.
Derived terms
- The Firm
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle English ferme, from Old French ferme, from Latin firmus (“strong, steady”). Doublet of dharma.
Adjective
firm (comparative firmer, superlative firmest)
- Steadfast, secure, solid (in position)
- Fixed (in opinion)
- He was firm that selling his company would a good choice and didn't let anyone talk him out of it.
- Durable, rigid (material state)
- firm flesh; firm muscles, firm wood; firm land (i.e. not soft and marshy)
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
firm (third-person singular simple present firms, present participle firming, simple past and past participle firmed)
- (transitive) To make firm or strong; fix securely.
- (transitive) To make compact or resistant to pressure; solidify.
- (intransitive) To become firm; stabilise.
- (intransitive) To improve after decline.
- (intransitive, Australia) To shorten (of betting odds).
- (transitive, Britain, slang) To select (a higher education institution) as one's preferred choice, so as to enrol automatically if one's grades match the conditional offer.
Translations
Further reading
- Firm in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)
Anagrams
- FRIM, fMRI, frim
German
Etymology
From Latin firmus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /f??m/
Adjective
firm (comparative firmer, superlative am firmsten)
- (somewhat dated) experienced, well versed
Declension
Further reading
- “firm” in Duden online
Polish
Noun
firm f
- genitive plural of firma
Zoogocho Zapotec
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Spanish firma.
Noun
firm
- signature
Derived terms
- chgo?o firm
- cho?o firm
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Spanish firme.
Adjective
firm
- firm, fixed
References
- Long C., Rebecca; Cruz M., Sofronio (2000) Diccionario zapoteco de San Bartolomé Zoogocho, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 38)?[2] (in Spanish), second electronic edition, Coyoacán, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 220
firm From the web:
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