different between down vs dowed

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /da?n/
• Rhymes: -a?n

Etymology 1

From Middle English doun, from Old English d?ne, aphetic form of ad?ne, from ofd?ne (“off the hill”). For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, cf. Middle Low German d?le (“(in/to the) valley”), i.e. "down(wards)".

Adverb

down (not generally comparable, comparative farther down, superlative farthest down)

1. (comparable) From a higher position to a lower one; downwards.
   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:down.
2. As a down payment

   You can have it, no money down.

3. On paper (or in a durable record)

   You need to write down what happened while it's still fresh in your mind.

4. South (as south is at the bottom of typical maps).

5. Away from the city (regardless of direction).
   • 1722, Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year, London: E. Nutt et al., p. 12,^[1]

     But then my Servant who I had intended to take down with me [i.e. from London to Bedfordshire], deceiv’d me;

6. At or towards any place that is visualised as 'down' by virtue of local features or local convention, or arbitrarily, irrespective of direction or elevation change.

7. (sports) Towards the opponent's side (in ball-sports).
8. Into a state of non-operation.

9. To a subordinate or less prestigious position or rank.

10. (rail transport) In the direction leading away from the principal terminus, away from milepost zero.
11. (sentence substitute, imperative) Get down.

12. (Britain, academia, dated) Away from Oxford or Cambridge.

13. From a remoter or higher antiquity.

    These traditions have been handed down over generations.
14. So as to lessen quantity, level or intensity.

    You need to tone down the rhetoric.

    Please turn the music down!

15. So as to reduce size, weight or volume.

    Trim the stick down to a length of about twelve inches.

    Thanks to my strict diet, I've slimmed down to eleven stone.

    Boil the mixture down to a syrupy consistency.
16. From less to greater detail.

    This spreadsheet lets you drill down to daily or even hourly sales figures.
17. So as to secure or compress something to the floor, ground, or other (usually horizontal) surface.

    We need to nail down this carpet so people don't keep tripping over it.

18. Used with verbs to indicate that the action of the verb was carried to some state of completion, permanence, or success rather than being of indefinite duration.

Usage notes

• Down can be used with verbs in ways that change the meaning of the verb in ways not entirely predictable from the meanings of the down and the verb, though related to them. See Category:English phrasal verbs with particle (down).

Antonyms

• (From a higher position to a lower one): up
• (At a lower place): up
• (Away from the city): up
• (Into a state of non-operation): up
• (Rail transport: direction leading away from the principal terminus): up
• (in crosswords): across

Translations

Preposition

down

1. From the higher end to the lower of.
2. From north to south of.

   We sailed down the eastern seaboard.

3. From one end to another of (in any direction); along.

   • It was April 22, 1831, and a young man was walking down Whitehall in the direction of Parliament Street. He wore shepherd's plaid trousers and the swallow-tail coat of the day, with a figured muslin cravat wound about his wide-spread collar.

4. (colloquial) At (a given place that is seen as removed from one's present location or other point of reference).

   I'll see you later down the pub.

Antonyms

• (From the higher end to the lower): up

Derived terms

• (from the higher end to the lower): sell down the river

Translations

Adjective

down (comparative more down, superlative most down)

1. Facing downwards.

   Turn the cloth over so that the patterned side is down.

   • 1993,Calvert, Finite Mathematics: Overrun Edition, page 251:

     You win a dollar if the down side of the card is different than the up side; otherwise, you lose a dollar.

   • 2004, Robert M. Gray, Lee D. Davisson, An Introduction to Statistical Signal Processing, page 170:

     Define the event F as the event that the down face of the die is 1 or 4.

   • 2016, Keith E. Stanovich, Richard F. West, Maggie E. Toplak, The Rationality Quotient: Toward a Test of Rational Thinking, page 332:

     Each time the 10 cards are reshuffled, your task is to predict the letter on the down side of the top card.

2. At a lower level than before.

   The stock market is down.

   Prices are down.

3. (informal) Sad, unhappy, depressed, feeling low.

   Mary seems very down since she split up with her boyfriend.
4. (normally in the combination 'down with') Sick or ill.

   He is down with the flu.

5. Having a lower score than an opponent.

   They are down by 3–0 with just 5 minutes to play.

   He was down by a bishop and a pawn after 15 moves.

   At 5–1 down, she produced a great comeback to win the set on a tiebreak.

6. (baseball, colloquial, following the noun modified) Out.

   Two down and one to go in the bottom of the ninth.

7. (colloquial, with "on") Negative about, hostile to.

   Ever since Nixon, I've been down on Republicans.

8. (Canada, US, slang) Comfortable with, accepting of.

   He's chill enough; he'd probably be totally down with it.

   Are you down to hang out at the mall, Jamal?

   As long as you're down with helping me pick a phone, Tyrone.
9. (not comparable) Inoperable; out of order; out of service.

   The system is down.

10. Finished (of a task); defeated or dealt with (of an opponent or obstacle); elapsed (of time). Often coupled with to go (remaining).

    Two down and three to go. (Two tasks completed and three more still to be done.)

    Ten minutes down and nothing's happened yet.

11. (not comparable, military, law enforcement, slang, of a person) Wounded and unable to move normally, or killed.

    We have an officer down outside the suspect's house.

    There are three soldiers down and one walking wounded.

12. (not comparable, military, aviation, slang, of an aircraft) Mechanically failed, collided, shot down, or otherwise suddenly unable to fly.

    We have a chopper down near the river.

13. Thoroughly practiced, learned or memorised; mastered. (Compare down pat.)

    It's two weeks until opening night and our lines are still not down yet.

    • 2013, P.J. Hoover, Solstice, ?ISBN, page 355:

      I stay with Chloe the longest. When she's not hanging out at the beach parties, she lives in a Japanese garden complete with an arched bridge spanning a pond filled with koi of varying sizes and shapes. Reeds shoot out of the water, rustling when the fish swim through them, and river-washed stones are sprinkled in a bed of sand. Chloe has this whole new Japanese thing down.

14. (obsolete) Downright; absolute; positive.
15. (African-American Vernacular, slang) Loyal.

    What you mean, 'No'? Man, I thought you was down.

Antonyms

• (Depressed): up
• (On a lower level): up
• (Having a lower score): up
• (Inoperable): up

Derived terms

• down but not out

Translations

Verb

down (third-person singular simple present downs, present participle downing, simple past and past participle downed)

1. (transitive) To knock (someone or something) down; to cause to come down, to fell. [from 16th c.]

   The storm downed several old trees along the highway.

   A single rifle shot downed the mighty beast.

   1. (transitive) Specifically, to cause (something in the air) to fall to the ground; to bring down (with a missile etc.). [from 19th c.]

      The helicopter was downed by a surface-to-air missile.

2. (transitive) To lower; to put (something) down. [from 16th c.]

   The bell rang for lunch, and the workers downed their tools.

3. (transitive, figuratively) To defeat; to overpower. [from 17th. c.]
4. (transitive, colloquial) To disparage, to put down. [from 18th c.]
   • 1779, Frances Burney, Journals & Letters, Penguin 2001, p. 141:

     ‘I remember how you downed Beauclerk and Hamilton, the Wits, once at our House, – when they talked of Ghosts.’

5. (intransitive, rare or obsolete) To go or come down; to descend. [from 17th. c.]
6. (transitive, colloquial) To drink or swallow, especially without stopping before the vessel containing the liquid is empty. [from 19th c.]

   He downed an ale and ordered another.

7. (transitive, American football, Canadian football) To render (the ball) dead, typically by touching the ground while in possession. [from 19th c.]

   He downed it at the seven-yard line.

8. (transitive, golf, pocket billiards) To sink (a ball) into a hole or pocket. [from 20th c.]

   He downed two balls on the break.

Synonyms

• (drink): See also Thesaurus:drink

Derived terms

• down tools

Translations

Noun

down (plural downs)

1. A negative aspect; a downer.

   I love almost everything about my job. The only down is that I can't take Saturdays off.

2. (dated) A grudge (on someone).
   • 1974, GB Edwards, The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, New York 2007, page 10:

     She had a down on me. I don't know what for, I'm sure; because I never said a word.

3. An act of swallowing an entire drink at once.
4. (American football) A single play, from the time the ball is snapped (the start) to the time the whistle is blown (the end) when the ball is down, or is downed.

   I bet after the third down, the kicker will replace the quarterback on the field.

5. (crosswords) A clue whose solution runs vertically in the grid.

   I haven't solved 12 or 13 across, but I've got most of the downs.

6. A downstairs room of a two-story house.

   She lives in a two-up two-down.

7. Down payment.

Translations

Derived terms

References

• Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Spatial particles of orientation", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

Etymology 2

From Middle English doune, from Old English d?n, from Proto-Germanic *d?naz, *d?n? (“sandhill, dune”), probably borrowed from Proto-Celtic *d?nom (“hill; hillfort”) (compare Welsh din (“hill”), Irish dún (“hill, fort”)), from Proto-Indo-European *d?ewh?- (“to finish, come full circle”). Cognate with West Frisian dún (“dune, sandhill”), Dutch duin (“dune, sandhill”), German Düne (“dune”). More at town; akin to dune.

Noun

down (countable and uncountable, plural downs)

1. (especially southern England) A hill, especially a chalk hill; rolling grassland

   We went for a walk over the downs.

   The North Downs are a ridge of chalk hills in south east England.

   • 1610, William Shakespeare, The Tempest, act 4 scene 1

     And with each end of thy blue bow dost crown / My bosky acres and my unshrubb'd down
2. (usually in the plural) A field, especially one used for horse racing.
3. (Britain, chiefly in the plural) A tract of poor, sandy, undulating or hilly land near the sea, covered with fine turf which serves chiefly for the grazing of sheep.

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 3

Middle English, borrowed into West Germanic from Old Norse dúnn, from Proto-Germanic *d?na- (“down”), which is related to *dauniz (“(pleasant) smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *d?owh?-nis, from the root *d?ewh?-.

Cognate with Saterland Frisian Duune (“fluff, down”), German Daune (“down”) and Danish dun (“down”).

Noun

down (countable and uncountable, plural downs)

2. Soft, fluffy immature feathers which grow on young birds. Used as insulating material in duvets, sleeping bags and jackets.
3. (botany) The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of the seeds of certain plants, such as the thistle.
4. The soft hair of the face when beginning to appear.
5. That which is made of down, as a bed or pillow; that which affords ease and repose, like a bed of down.

Translations

Verb

down (third-person singular simple present downs, present participle downing, simple past and past participle downed)

1. (transitive) To cover, ornament, line, or stuff with down.

Further reading

• Kroonen, Guus (2013) , “dauna-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, ?ISBN, page 90

Anagrams

• nowd

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English down.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d?u?n/
• Hyphenation: down

Adjective

down (used only predicatively, comparative meer down, superlative meest down)

1. down, depressed

Synonyms

• depressief, depri

Anagrams

• wond

German

Etymology

From English down.

Pronunciation

Adjective

down (not comparable)

1. (colloquial) down, depressed
2. (Internet, of websites and servers) down, not online
3. (video games) down, defeated, without health left

Further reading

• “down” in Duden online

Welsh

Alternative forms

• dawn (colloquial first-person plural future)
• delwn, deswn, dethwn (colloquial first-person singular conditional)
• deuwn (literary; all forms)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dou?n/

Verb

down

1. first-person plural present/future of dod
2. first-person singular imperfect/conditional of dod
3. (literary) first-person plural imperative of dod

Mutation

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /da?d/

Verb

dowed

1. simple past tense and past participle of dow