different between dog vs galla

English

Alternative forms

• darg, dawg, dug (dialectal)
• doggie, doggy (childish)

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /d??/
• ("a dog")
• (US) enPR: dôg, IPA^(key): /d??/
• (cot–caught merger, Canada) IPA^(key): /d??/
• Rhymes: -??

Etymology

From Middle English dogge (whence also Scots dug (“dog”)), from Old English dogga, docga, of uncertain origin.

The original meaning seems to have been a common dog, as opposed to a well-bred one, or something like 'cur', and perhaps later came to be used for stocky dogs. Possibly a pet-form diminutive with suffix -ga (compare frocga (“frog”), *picga (“pig”)), appended to a base *dog-, *doc- of unclear origin and meaning. One possibility is Old English dox (“dark, swarthy”) (compare frocga from frox). Another proposal is that it derives from Proto-West Germanic *dugan (“to be suitable”), the origin of Old English dugan (“to be good, worthy, useful”), English dow, German taugen. The theory goes that it could have been an epithet for dogs, commonly used by children, meaning "good/useful animal."

In 14th-century England, hound (from Old English hund) was the general word for all domestic canines, and dog referred to a subtype resembling the modern mastiff and bulldog. By the 16th century, dog had become the general word, and hound had begun to refer only to breeds used for hunting. In the 16th century, the word dog was adopted by several continental European languages as their word for mastiff.

Noun

dog (plural dogs)

1. A mammal, Canis familiaris or Canis lupus familiaris, that has been domesticated for thousands of years, of highly variable appearance due to human breeding.

2. Any member of the Family Canidae, including domestic dogs, wolves, coyotes, jackals, foxes, and their relatives (extant and extinct); canid.
3. (often attributive) A male dog, wolf or fox, as opposed to a bitch or vixen.
   • 1928, Siegfried Sassoon, Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man, Penguin 2013, page 149:

     Firstly, he was there to encourage and assist the hounds (a scratch pack – mostly dog-hounds drafted from fox-hound kennels because they were over-sized) […].

4. (slang, derogatory) A dull, unattractive girl or woman.

5. (slang) A man (derived from definition 2).

6. (slang, derogatory) A coward.

7. (derogatory) Someone who is morally reprehensible.
   • 1599, Robert Greene, Alphonsus, King of Aragon (1599). Act 3.

     Blasphemous dog, I wonder that the earth / Doth cease from renting vnderneath thy feete, / To swallow vp those cankred corpes of thine.
8. (slang) A sexually aggressive man.
9. Any of various mechanical devices for holding, gripping, or fastening something, particularly with a tooth-like projection.
10. (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) A click or pallet adapted to engage the teeth of a ratchet-wheel, to restrain the back action; a click or pawl. (See also: ratchet, windlass)
11. A metal support for logs in a fireplace.
    • 1902, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Hound of the Baskervilles

      In the great old-fashioned fireplace behind the high iron dogs a log-fire crackled and snapped.

12. (cartomancy) The eighteenth Lenormand card.
13. A hot dog.
14. (poker slang) Underdog.
15. (slang, almost always in the plural) Foot.

16. (Cockney rhyming slang) (from "dog and bone") Phone or mobile phone.

17. One of the cones used to divide up a racetrack when training horses.
18. shortened form of dog meat.

19. (informal) Something that performs poorly.

    That modification turned his Dodge hemi into a dog.

    1. (film) A flop; a film that performs poorly at the box office.
       • 1969, Ski (volume 34, number 4, page 121)

         Blue was released, and as Redford had predicted, it was a dog.

       • 2012, Ronald L. Davis, Duke: The Life and Image of John Wayne

         “When The Alamo was coming out, the word of mouth on it was that it was a dog,” Chase said.

Synonyms

• (animal): taxonomic names: Canis familiaris, Canis domesticus, Canis familiarus domesticus, Canis canis, Canis aegyptius, Canis familiarus aegyptius, Canis melitaeus, Canis familiarus melitaeus, Canis molossus, Canis familiarus molossus, Canis saultor, Canis familiaris saultor
• (animal): domestic dog, hound, canine; see also Thesaurus:dog
• (male): stud, sire
• (man): bloke (British), chap (British), dude, fellow, guy, man; see also Thesaurus:man
• (morally reprehensible person): cad, bounder, blackguard, fool, hound, heel, scoundrel
• (mechanical device): click, detent, pawl
• (metal support for logs): andiron, firedog, dogiron

Coordinate terms

• (male adult dog): bitch, pup, puppy

Hyponyms

• (animal):

Hypernyms

• (animal): canid

Derived terms

Descendants

Translations

See dog/translations § Noun.

Verb

dog (third-person singular simple present dogs, present participle dogging, simple past and past participle dogged)

1. (transitive) To pursue with the intent to catch.
2. (transitive) To follow in an annoying or harassing way.

   The woman cursed him so that trouble would dog his every step.
3. (transitive, nautical) To fasten a hatch securely.

   It is very important to dog down these hatches...

4. (intransitive, emerging usage in Britain) To watch, or participate, in sexual activity in a public place.

   I admit that I like to dog at my local country park.

5. (intransitive, transitive) To intentionally restrict one's productivity as employee; to work at the slowest rate that goes unpunished.

   A surprise inspection of the night shift found that some workers were dogging it.

6. (transitive) To criticize.
7. (transitive, military) To divide (a watch) with a comrade.
   • 1902, Winfield Scott Schley, Record of Proceedings of a Court of Inquiry

     A. We never stood 4 to 8 p.m. watches, sir. We dogged our watches.
     Q. I suppose that is 6 to 8 p.m., then; it is a little indistinct. I mean the second dog watch.

   • 2015, Tom Vetter, 30,000 Leagues Undersea

     Meanwhile, we dogged the watch sections so that both halves of the crew could fetch full sea bags of uniforms and gear […]

Synonyms

• (to pursue with intent to catch): chase, chase after, go after, pursue, tag, tail, track, trail
• (to restrict one's productivity): soldier, goldbrick

Translations

See also

• ????
• Category:en:Canids
• bark
• canine
• cynomorphic
• cynomorphism
• flea bag

Further reading

• Michael Weisenberg (2000), The Official Dictionary of Poker (MGI/Mike Caro University, ?ISBN
• dog on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• List of sequenced animal genomes on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Canis on Wikispecies.Wikispecies
• Dog on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
• Canis on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons

References

Anagrams

• God, god

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch docht.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d??/

Verb

dog

1. Alternative form of dag (preterite of dink)

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish dogh, which was borrowed from Middle Low German doch, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þauh.

Adverb

dog

1. however

   Det er dog ikke sikkert, at de taler sandt.

   It is, however, not certain that they are telling the truth.

2. Conveying impressedness, emotional affectation, bewilderment.

   Hvor er den hund dog nuttet!

   How cute that dog is!

   Sikke dramatisk du dog kan fremstille sagen!

   How dramatically you can present the matter!

Conjunction

dog

1. though

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English dog. Attested since the 16th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d?x/
• Hyphenation: dog
• Rhymes: -?x
• Homophone: doch

Noun

dog m (plural doggen, diminutive dogje n)

1. A large dog, especially one of certain breeds.

Derived terms

• Deense dog

Kriol

Etymology

From English dog.

Noun

dog

1. dog

Mbabaram

Etymology

From *dwog(a), from *udwoga, from *gudwaga, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *gudaga. Related to Dyirbal guda, Yidiny gudaga. Not related to English dog; it is a false cognate.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d??/

Noun

dog

1. dog

References

Navajo

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

dog

1. thump, dub (sound of a heartbeat; thumping sound of a person walking on the roof of a house as heard by someone in the house)

Synonyms

• ts?idog

Norwegian Bokmål

Adverb

dog

1. however

Conjunction

dog

1. though

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?d??/, /?d?.?i/

Noun

dog m (plural dogs)

1. Clipping of hot dog.

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /du??/

Verb

dog

1. past tense of dö.

Anagrams

• god

Torres Strait Creole

Etymology

From English dog.

Noun

dog

1. dog

Volapük

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [do?]

Noun

dog (nominative plural dogs)

1. (male or female) dog

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

• doeg
• toradoeg

Westrobothnian

Adjective

dog

1. proper, a lot; added to adj. to reinforce the meaning

   Dog snål

   particularly stingy

   Dog lat

   very lazy

Cimbrian

Etymology

From Middle High German galle, from Old High German galla, from Proto-Germanic *gall?. Cognate with German Galle, English gall.

Noun

galla f (Sette Comuni)

1. bile
2. gall (impudence)

References

• “galla” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Finnish

Noun

galla

1. (dated) Oromo (a language of Ethiopia)

Declension

Synonyms

• oromo

Galician

Etymology

Probably from Vulgar Latin *gallea, from Latin galla (“oak-apple”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??a?a?/

Noun

galla f (plural gallas)

1. twig

   Synonym: guizo

2. branch

   Synonym: póla

3. forked branch
4. prong
5. (also in the plural) fork
6. barb (of a hook)
7. gall (tumorous growt)

   Synonyms: bugallo, carrabouxo, coco

Derived terms

• esgallar
• gallado
• galladura
• gallar
• galleiro
• galleta
• galleto
• gallo

References

• “galla” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “galla” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “galla” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “galla” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Italian

Etymology

From Latin galla.

Noun

galla f (plural galle)

1. gall
2. acorn
3. round pill
4. pimple (caused by sunburn)
5. hairgrip

Adjective

galla

1. feminine singular of gallo

Related terms

• a galla

Verb

galla

1. third-person singular present indicative of gallare
2. second-person singular imperative of gallare

Latin

Etymology

There are various hypotheses:

• Perhaps from or influenced by Germanic, if the sense is "poison-sore"; see Proto-Germanic *gall? (English gall).
• From Proto-Indo-European *gel- (“form into a ball; ball”). Cognate with Latin glaeba, glomus and Proto-Germanic *klumpô (“mass, lump, clump; clasp”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /??al.la/, [??äl??ä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /??al.la/, [???l??]

Noun

galla f (genitive gallae); first declension

1. the oak apple, gall-nut
2. a harsh, sour kind of wine

Declension

First-declension noun.

Derived terms

• gallula
• *galleus (“oaken”)

Descendants

• Catalan: gala, agalla
• ? English: gall
• French: galle
• Italian: galla
• Portuguese: galha, galho
• Russian: ???? (gall)
• Spanish: galla, gajo

References

Further reading

• galla in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• galla in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• galla in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• galla in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• galla in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• galla in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *gasliy?, from *gas, of uncertain ultimate origin, but compare French gouine (“lesbian”), and Proto-Brythonic *gw??in (“sheath”). Borrowed as Welsh gast (“a bitch”). Pott has adduced Spanish galgo (“greyhound”), which, however, is founded on canis Gallicus. See gasradh for root.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ka???/

Noun

galla f (genitive singular galla, plural gallachan)

1. bitch

Usage notes

• Often used as a swear word, especially in compounds.

Derived terms

• mac na galla
• nighean na galla
• thalla gu taigh na galla

References

Spanish

Noun

galla f (plural gallas, masculine gallo, masculine plural gallos)

1. (Chile, colloquial) female equivalent of gallo, broad (US), chick, gal (woman)

   Synonym: tipa

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish galle, from Old Norse gall, from Proto-Germanic *gall?.

Noun

galla c (uncountable)

1. bile

Declension

Derived terms

• gallblåsa
• gallfeber
• gallsten
• gallskrik

Welsh

Alternative forms

• gall (literary, second-person singular imperative)
• gallaf (first-person singular present/future)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??a?a/

Verb

galla

1. (colloquial) inflection of gallu:
   1. first-person singular present/future
   2. (rare) second-person singular imperative

Mutation