different between distillation vs azeotrope

English

Etymology

From Middle English distillacioun, from Anglo-Norman distillacioun, from Latin dist?ll?ti?nem, accusative of dist?ll?ti?.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /d?st??le???n/
• Rhymes: -e???n

Noun

distillation (countable and uncountable, plural distillations)

1. The act of falling in drops, or the act of pouring out in drops.
2. That which falls in drops.
3. (chemistry, chemical engineering) The separation of more volatile parts of a substance from less volatile ones by evaporation and condensation.
   1. Purification through repeated or continuous distilling; rectification.
   2. (petroleum) Separation into specific hydrocarbon groups; fractionation.
4. The substance extracted by distilling.
   • 1599, William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor, III. v. 104:

     to be stopped in, like a strong distillation, with stinking / clothes that fretted in their own grease.

   • 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 5:

     Then, were not summer's distillation left,

     A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass ...

Translations

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ?- (a-, “no”) + ????? (zéein, “to boil”) + ?????? (trópos, “state”).

Noun

azeotrope (plural azeotropes)

1. (physics) A mixture of two or more substances whose liquid and gaseous forms have the same composition (at a certain pressure); the substances cannot be separated by normal distillation.
   • 1999, Fouad M. Khoury, Predicting the Performance of Multistage Separation Processes, 2nd Edition, page 289,

     The formation of azeotropes due to deviations from Raoult's law was discussed in Section 1.3. An azeotrope is a mixture that, at a given pressure (the azeotropic pressure), boils at a constant temperature (the azeotropic temperature), and has the same composition (the azeotropic composition) in the equilibrium vapor and liquid phases. Homogeneous azeotropes are those that form one liquid phase at equilibrium with the vapor; heterogeneous azeotropes are those that form two liquid phases at equilibrium with each other and the vapor.

   • The presence of a unitary azeotrope curve is not a prerequisite for the generation of a ternary azeotrope.

   • 2006, Marc Pansu, Jacques Gautheyrou, Handbook of Soil Analysis: Mineralogical, Organic and Inorganic Methods, page 903,

     As the boiling point of HCl–H₂O azeotrope is lower than that of azeotrope (HNO₃–H₂O), hydrochloric acid can be eliminated efficiently by successive evaporations with nitric acid.

Related terms

• azeotropic
• azeotropy
• zeotrope

Translations

See also

• eutectic
• extractive distillation
• salt-effect distillation

German

Pronunciation

Adjective

azeotrope

1. inflection of azeotrop:
   1. strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular
   2. strong nominative/accusative plural
   3. weak nominative all-gender singular
   4. weak accusative feminine/neuter singular