different between discipline vs castigate

English

Etymology

From Middle English [Term?], from Anglo-Norman, from Old French descipline, from Latin disciplina (“instruction”), from discipulus (“pupil”), from discere (“to learn”), from Proto-Indo-European *dek- (“(cause to) accept”).

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /?d?.s?.pl?n/

Noun

discipline (countable and uncountable, plural disciplines)

1. A controlled behaviour; self-control.
   • a. 1729, John Rogers, The Difficulties of Obtaining Salvation

     The most perfect, who have their passions in the best discipline, are yet obliged to be constantly on their guard.

   1. An enforced compliance or control.
   2. A systematic method of obtaining obedience.
      • 1871, Charles John Smith, Synonyms Discriminated

        Discipline aims at the removal of bad habits and the substitution of good ones, especially those of order, regularity, and obedience.

      • 1973, Bible (New International Version), Hebrews 12:7:

        Endure hardship as discipline; God is treating you as his children. For what children are not disciplined by their father?

   3. A state of order based on submission to authority.

      • Their wildness lose, and, quitting nature's part, / Obey the rules and discipline of art.

   4. A set of rules regulating behaviour.
   5. A punishment to train or maintain control.

      • giving her the discipline of the strap

      1. (Catholicism) A whip used for self-flagellation.
      2. A flagellation as a means of obtaining sexual gratification.
2. A specific branch of knowledge or learning.
   1. A category in which a certain art, sport or other activity belongs.

Synonyms

• (branch or category): field, sphere
• (punishment): penalty, sanction

Antonyms

• (controlled behaviour et al.): spontaneity

Derived terms

• academic discipline

Related terms

• disciple
• disciplinal
• disciplinarian
• disciplinary
• discipliner
• interdisciplinary
• multidisciplinary

See also

• castigation
• stricture

Translations

Verb

discipline (third-person singular simple present disciplines, present participle disciplining, simple past and past participle disciplined)

1. (transitive) To train someone by instruction and practice.
2. (transitive) To teach someone to obey authority.
3. (transitive) To punish someone in order to (re)gain control.
4. (transitive) To impose order on someone.

Synonyms

• drill

Related terms

• disciplined
• disciplinable
• disciplinarian

Translations

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch discipline, from Old French discipline, from Latin discipl?na.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?di.si?pli.n?/, /?d?.si?pli.n?/
• Hyphenation: dis?ci?pli?ne
• Rhymes: -in?

Noun

discipline f (plural disciplines, diminutive disciplinetje n)

1. discipline, self-control

   Synonyms: zelfbeheersing, zelfcontrole

2. discipline, regime of forcing compliance
3. discipline, sanction

   Synonym: tucht

4. discipline, branch

   Synonym: tak

Derived terms

• disciplinair
• disciplineren
• kadaverdiscipline
• kerndiscipline
• onderzoeksdiscipline
• sportdiscipline

Related terms

• discipel
• ongedisciplineerd

Descendants

• Afrikaans: dissipline
• ? Indonesian: disiplin

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /di.si.plin/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin discipl?na.

Noun

discipline f (plural disciplines)

1. discipline, sanction
2. discipline, self-control
3. discipline, branch

Derived terms

• disciplinaire
• discipliner

Related terms

• disciple

Descendants

• ? Turkish: disiplin

Etymology 2

Verb

discipline

1. first-person singular present indicative of discipliner
2. third-person singular present indicative of discipliner
3. first-person singular present subjunctive of discipliner
4. third-person singular present subjunctive of discipliner
5. second-person singular imperative of discipliner

Further reading

• “discipline” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Italian

Noun

discipline f pl

1. plural of disciplina

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?di.si.?pli.ni/

Verb

discipline

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of disciplinar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of disciplinar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of disciplinar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of disciplinar

Spanish

Verb

discipline

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of disciplinar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of disciplinar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of disciplinar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of disciplinar.

English

Etymology

Early 17th cent., borrowed from Latin cast?g?tus, past participle of cast?g? (“I reprove”), from castus (“pure, chaste”), from Proto-Indo-European *kesa (“cut”). Doublet of chastise, taken through Old French. See also chaste.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA^(key): /?kæs.t?.?e?t/, /?kæs.t?.?e?t/

Verb

castigate (third-person singular simple present castigates, present participle castigating, simple past and past participle castigated)

1. (transitive, formal) To punish or reprimand someone severely.
   • 1999, Robert P. Gordon, I & II Samuel: A Commentary, Zondervan, p. 264:

     Perhaps disarmed by his own scandalous behaviour with Bathsheba, he was in no position to castigate his son for a similar fault.

2. (transitive, formal) To execrate or condemn something in a harsh manner, especially by public criticism.
   • 2016, Halil Berktay, Suraiya Faroqhi, New Approaches to State and Peasant in Ottoman History, Routledge, p. 150:

     But despite all this, for Barkan, the universalist notion of an 'Ottoman feudalism' was anathema: he castigated this idea as the concentrated expression of the anti-Ottomanism of the Kemalist Enlightenment.

   • 2001, Klaus R. Scherer, Angela Schorr, Tom Johnstone, Appraisal Processes in Emotion: Theory, Methods, Research, Oxford University Press, p. 59:

     Lewis should have castigated the reasoning employed rather than the emotion, which offers no clue as to which side of the argument a person will adopt.

   • 2012, James King, Under Foreign Eyes: Western Cinematic Adaptations of Postwar Japan, John Hunt Publishing, p. 1:

     From the outset, this issue becomes an often double-edged sword wherein Japan is both valorized and castigated.

3. (transitive, rare) To revise or make corrections to a publication.

Synonyms

• (to punish severely): chastise, punish, rebuke, reprimand
• (to criticize severely): condemn, lambaste
• (to revise a publication): correct, revise
• See also Thesaurus:reprehend

Translations

References

Italian

Adjective

castigate

1. feminine plural of castigato

Verb

castigate

1. second-person plural present indicative of castigare
2. second-person plural imperative of castigare
3. feminine plural of castigato

Latin

Verb

cast?g?te

1. second-person plural present active imperative of cast?g?

References

• castigate in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press