different between czarocracy vs czar

English

Etymology

czar +? -ocracy

Noun

czarocracy (countable and uncountable, plural czarocracies)

1. A government headed by a czar or a similar autocrat.
2. Government consisting of, or characterized by the appointment of officials with substantial autonomy, especially those commonly referred to as "czars" or "tsars".

Quotations

• 1853, John Thomas, The Coming Struggle among the Nations of the Earth: or, the Political Events of the Next Thirteen Years, Described in Accordance with Prophecies in Ezekiel, Daniel, and the Apocalypse. Thomas MacLear, Toronto (1853).

The Austrian and its cotemporary [sic] horns, the supporters of the False Prophet, now become confederate against the Destroyer of the Czarocracy.

• 1898, Reuben Parsons, "The Later Religious Martyrdom of Poland", in The American Catholic Quarterly Review, vol. XXIII, pp. 71, 79 (1898).

In the estimation of the "Orthodox" clergy, the chief glory of the reign of Alexander II. was not the emancipation of the serfs, but rather the delivery of the Uniate Greeks of Russian Poland from the "thraldom" of Rome, and their subjection to that instrument of czarocracy, the Holy Synod.

• 1905, John Jacob Lentz, "Thomas Jefferson: The Radical", printed in Thomas Jefferson: a Little Journey by Elbert Hubbard, and an Address by John J. Lentz: Being two attempts to perpetuate the memory & pass along the influence of the Great American, The Roycrofters, East Aurora, N.Y. (1906).

The people who have suffered under the heel of the tyrant have always been in the majority, and they are still in the majority, and they will continue to suffer under the debasing tyrannies of slaveocracy, czarocracy, and trustocracy so long as God is unable to find or create enough radicals to brave the pains and the penalties of persecution, ostracism, slander, libel and assassination.

• 2009, Stephen Spruiell, "The Reign of the Czars", in National Review Online, September 22, 2009.

Instead of scaling back the czarocracy, the Democrats are adding to it.

Derived terms

• czarocratic
• czarocrat

English

Etymology

See tsar. The spelling czar, the older spelling in English, comes from Sigismund von Herberstein's Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii ("Notes on Muscovite Affairs") of 1549. The alternative tsar began to replace it in the 19th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /z??(?)/, /ts??(?)/

Noun

czar (plural czars)

1. Alternative spelling of tsar (especially common in American English)
2. (informal, politics, US) An appointed official tasked to regulate or oversee a specific area.

Anagrams

• Racz, Z-car, z car

French

Noun

czar m (plural czars)

1. Archaic spelling of tsar.

Further reading

• “czar” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t??ar/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *?ar?, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ker- *k?r-, from Proto-Indo-European *k?er-.

Noun

czar m inan

1. spell (magic)

   Synonyms: zakl?cie, urok

2. allure, charm (quality of inspiring delight or admiration)

   Synonym: urok

Declension

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Noun

czar

1. genitive plural of czara

Further reading

• czar in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• czar in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• tsar, tzar

Etymology

From Russian ???? (car?), from Old East Slavic ?????? (c?sar?), from Old Church Slavonic ?????? (c?sar?), from Proto-Slavic *c?sa??, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar. Doublet of César and kaiser

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /?tsa?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?tsa?/, /?kza?/

Noun

czar m (plural czares, feminine czarina, feminine plural czarinas)

1. tsar