different between crush vs jam

English

Etymology

From Middle English cruschen (“to crush, smash, squeeze, squash”), from Old French croissir (“to crush”), from Late Latin *cruscio (“to brush”), from Frankish *krostjan (“to crush, squeeze, squash”). Akin to Gothic ???????????????????????????????? (kriustan, “to gnash”), Old Swedish krusa (“to crush”), Middle Low German krossen (“to break”), Swedish krysta (“to squeeze”), Danish kryste (“to squash”), Icelandic kreista (“to squeeze, squash”), Faroese kroysta (“to squeeze”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k???/
• Rhymes: -??

Noun

crush (countable and uncountable, plural crushes)

1. A violent collision or compression; a crash; destruction; ruin.
2. Violent pressure, as of a moving crowd.
3. A crowd that produces uncomfortable pressure.

   a crush at a reception

4. A violent crowding.
5. A crowd control barrier.
6. A drink made by squeezing the juice out of fruit.
7. (informal) An infatuation with somebody one is not dating.

   I've had a huge crush on her since we met many years ago.

   1. (informal, by extension) The human object of such infatuation or affection.
   • 2004, Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage

     It had taken nine years from the evening that Truman first showed up with a pie plate at her mother's door, but his dogged perseverance eventually won him the hand of his boyhood Sunday school crush.

8. A standing stock or cage with movable sides used to restrain livestock for safe handling.
9. (dated) A party or festive function.
   • 1890, Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray chapter 1

     Two months ago I went to a crush at Lady Brandon's.

10. (Australia) The process of crushing cane to remove the raw sugar, or the season when this process takes place.
11. (television, uncountable) The situation where certain colors are so similar as to be hard to distinguish, either as a deliberate effect or as a limitation of a display.

    black crush; white crush

Hyponyms

• (infatuation): squish

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

crush (third-person singular simple present crushes, present participle crushing, simple past and past participle crushed)

1. To press between two hard objects; to squeeze so as to alter the natural shape or integrity of it, or to force together into a mass.

   to crush grapes

   • 1769, Benjamin Blayney, King James Bible : Leviticus 22:24

     Ye shall not offer unto the Lord that which is bruised, or crushed, or broken, or cut

2. To reduce to fine particles by pounding or grinding

   Synonym: comminute

   to crush quartz

   • 1912, Edgar Rice Burroughs, Tarzan of the Apes, Chapter 1

     With a wild scream he was upon her, tearing a great piece from her side with his mighty teeth, and striking her viciously upon her head and shoulders with a broken tree limb until her skull was crushed to a jelly.

3. (figuratively) To overwhelm by pressure or weight.

   After the corruption scandal, the opposition crushed the ruling party in the elections

4. (figuratively, colloquial) To do impressively well at (sports events; performances; interviews; etc.).

   They had a gig recently at Madison Square—totally crushed it!

5. To oppress or grievously burden.
7. To overcome completely; to subdue totally.

   The sultan's black guard crushed every resistance bloodily.
8. (intransitive) To be or become broken down or in, or pressed into a smaller compass, by external weight or force

   an eggshell crushes easily

9. (intransitive) To feel infatuation or unrequited love.

   She's crushing on him.
10. (film, television) To give a compressed or foreshortened appearance to.
    • 2003, Michel Chion, The Films of Jacques Tati (page 78)

      He frames his subject in distant close-ups (we feel the distance, due mostly to the crushed perspective brought about by the telephoto lens).

    • 2010, Birgit Bräuchler, John Postill, Theorising Media and Practice (page 319)

      They realise that trajectories, space expansion and crushing are different with different lenses, whether wide angle or telephoto, and that actors' eyelines will be altered.

11. (transitive, television) To make certain colors so similar as to be hard to distinguish, either as a deliberate effect or as a limitation of a display.

    My old TV set crushes the blacks when the brightness is lowered.

Derived terms

Synonyms

• (trans, to squeeze into a permanent new shape) squash
• (to pound or grind into fine particles) pulverize, pulverise
• (to overwhelm) overtake
• (to impress at) ace; slay at, kill

Translations

References

• crush in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Anagrams

• Rusch, Schur, churs

Portuguese

Etymology

Borrowed from English crush.

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?k???/, /?k???/

Noun

crush m or m f (in variation) (plural crushes or crush)

1. (colloquial) crush (a love interest)

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA^(key): /?d?æm/
• (Southern England, Australia) IPA^(key): /?d?æ?m/
• - fruit spread
• - verb
• Rhymes: -æm
• Homophone: jamb

Etymology 1

First attested in the early 18th c. as a verb meaning “to press, be pressed, be wedged in”. Eventually onomatopoeic, perhaps identical with Middle English cham (“to bite, to gnash one's teeth”), whence modern champ.

Noun

jam (countable and uncountable, plural jams)

1. A sweet mixture of fruit boiled with sugar and allowed to congeal. Often spread on bread or toast or used in jam tarts.

   Synonyms: (US) conserve, jelly, preserve

2. (countable) A difficult situation.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:difficult situation
3. (countable) Blockage, congestion.

4. (countable, popular music) An informal, impromptu performance or rehearsal.
5. (countable, by extension, informal) A song; a track.
   • 2001, Jet (volume 100, number 22, page 25)

     The result is an outstanding assortment of sophisticated, sexy and hip-hop-tinged R&B grooves, ballads and party jams.

6. (countable, by extension) An informal event where people brainstorm and collaborate on projects.

7. (uncountable, slang) That which one particularly prefers, desires, enjoys, or cares about.

8. (countable, baseball) A difficult situation for a pitcher or defending team.

9. (countable, basketball) A forceful dunk.
10. (countable, roller derby) A play during which points can be scored.

11. (climbing, countable) Any of several maneuvers requiring wedging of an extremity into a tight space.

12. (Britain, slang) luck.

13. (slang) sexual relations or the contemplation of them.

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Czech: džem
• ? Japanese: ??? (jamu)
• ? Korean: ? (jaem)
• ? Russian: ???? (džem)
• ? Serbo-Croatian: dž?m, ????
• ? Slovak: džem

Translations

See also

• jelly
• marmalade

Verb

jam (third-person singular simple present jams, present participle jamming, simple past and past participle jammed)

1. To get something stuck, often (though not necessarily) in a confined space.
   • 1719, Daniel Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, London: W. Taylor, 3rd edition, 1719, p. 226,^[1]

     The Ship, which by its Building was Spanish, stuck fast, jaum’d in between two Rocks; all the Stern and Quarter of her was beaten to Pieces with the Sea […]

2. To brusquely force something into a space; cram, squeeze.
   • 1779, George Colman, Farewell Epilogue, spoken at Wynnstay after the representation of Cymbeline and The Spanish Barber, 22 January, 1779, in Prose on Several Occasions: Accompanied with Some Pieces in Verse, London: T. Cadel, 1787, Volume 3, p. 283,^[2]

     Since the new post-horse tax, I dare engage

     That some folks here have travell’d in the Stage:

     Jamm’d in at midnight, in cold winter weather,

     The crouded passengers are glew’d together.

3. To cause congestion or blockage. Often used with "up"

4. To block or confuse a broadcast signal.
5. (baseball) To throw a pitch at or near the batter's hands.

6. (music) To play music (especially improvisation as a group, or an informal unrehearsed session).
7. To injure a finger or toe by sudden compression of the digit's tip.

8. (roller derby) To attempt to score points.

9. (nautical, transitive) To bring (a vessel) so close to the wind that half her upper sails are laid aback.
   • 1887, William Clark Russell, The Golden Hope

     It won't do to jam her,” answered Stone ;" but it might be worth findin' out if th' Hope won't lie closer than t' other can." Half a point ----"

10. (Canada, informal) To give up on a date or some joint endeavour; stand up, chicken out, jam out.

Synonyms

• ram

Derived terms

• (to squeeze into a small space): jam-pack
• jammer
• jam band
• jam session

Translations

Etymology 2

Persian or Hindi, meaning "garment, robe;" see ????? (“garment”). Related to pajamas.

Noun

jam (plural jams)

1. (dated) A kind of frock for children.

Etymology 3

Noun

jam (plural jams)

1. (mining) Alternative form of jamb

References

• jam on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• jam at OneLook Dictionary Search
• jam in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• JMA, Maj, Maj., maj.

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h?ésmi (“I am, I exist”), identical with Ancient Greek ???? (eimí), Sanskrit ????? (ásmi), English am. Aorist qeshë from Proto-Indo-European *k?el- (“to turn, revolve”), with a semantic development similar to Germanic *werdan (“to become”), from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jam/

Verb

jam (first-person singular past tense qeshë, participle qenë)

1. to be

Conjugation

References

Czech

Etymology

From Portuguese inhame or Spanish iñame, both likely of West African origin.

Noun

jam m

1. yam (any Dioscorea vine)

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from English jam.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??m/
• Hyphenation: jam
• Rhymes: -?m

Noun

jam m (plural jams, diminutive jammetje n)

1. (chiefly Netherlands) jam (congealed sweet mixture of conserved fruits)

Synonyms

• confituur
• marmelade

Derived terms

• aardbeienjam
• jampot
• kersenjam

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin iam.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jam/
• Hyphenation: jam
• Audio:

Adverb

jam

1. already

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

jam

1. granary, storehouse

Highland Popoluca

Noun

jam

1. lime

References

• Elson, Benjamin F.; Gutiérrez G., Donaciano (1999) Diccionario popoluca de la Sierra, Veracruz (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 41)?^[3] (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., ?ISBN, page 74

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay jam, from Sanskrit ??? (y?ma, “time”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?d??am]
• Hyphenation: jam

Noun

jam (first-person possessive jamku, second-person possessive jammu, third-person possessive jamnya)

1. hour (Time period of sixty minutes)
2. clock (instrument to measure or keep track of time)
3. (colloquial) time, particular moment or hour; the appropriate moment or hour for something

   Synonyms: pukul, saat, waktu

Further reading

• “jam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Interlingua

Adverb

jam (not comparable)

1. already

Javanese

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit ??? (y?ma)

Noun

jam

1. clock

Latgalian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?jam/
• Hyphenation: jam

Pronoun

jam

1. dative singular of jis

References

• Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, ?ISBN, page 37

Latin

Adverb

jam (not comparable)

1. Alternative form of iam

References

• jam in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Lindu

Noun

jam

1. time
2. hour
3. clock

Lithuanian

Pronoun

jam m

1. (third-person singular) dative form of jis.
   • 2007, Jurga (Jurga Šeduikyt?), Angelai

     Jo balti sparnai man tinka

     Jam savo šarvus dovanoju

     His white wings suit me

     I present to him my armor

Malay

Etymology

From Sanskrit ??? (y?ma, “time”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [d??am]
• Rhymes: -d??am, -am

Noun

jam (Jawi spelling ???, plural jam-jam, informal 1st possessive jamku, impolite 2nd possessive jammu, 3rd possessive jamnya)

1. hour (Time period of sixty minutes)
2. clock (instrument to measure or keep track of time)

Further reading

• “jam” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian j?. Cognate with West Frisian jimme

Pronoun

jam

1. you (plural)
2. your (plural)

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jam/

Noun

jam f

1. genitive plural of jama

Pronoun

jam

1. (informal, sometimes proscribed) Combined form of ja +? -m (first person singular pronoun + verb suffix).

Further reading

• jam in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Slovene

Noun

jam

1. genitive dual/plural of jama

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /j??m/

Noun

jam n

1. meow (sound of a cat)

Declension

Related terms

• jama

Anagrams

• Maj, maj

Welsh

Etymology

From English jam.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d??am/

Noun

jam m (plural jamiau, not mutable)

1. jam

   Synonym: cyffaith

Further reading

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present) , “jam”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

West Frisian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

jam c (plural jams)

1. jam, fruit preserves

Alternative forms

• sjem

Further reading

• “jam (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011