different between cruel vs rough
cruel
English
Pronunciation
- enPR: kro?o?l, IPA(key): /k?u?(?)l/
- Rhymes: -??l, -u?l
- Hyphenation: cru?el
Etymology 1
From Middle English cruel, borrowed from Old French cruel, from Latin cr?d?lis (“hard, severe, cruel”), akin to cr?dus (“raw, crude”); see crude.
Adjective
cruel (comparative crueler or crueller or more cruel, superlative cruelest or cruellest or most cruel)
- Intentionally causing or reveling in pain and suffering; merciless, heartless.
- Synonym: sadistic
- Antonym: merciful
- Harsh; severe.
- 2013, Ranulph Fiennes, Cold: Extreme Adventures at the Lowest Temperatures on Earth
- He was physically the toughest of us and wore five layers of polar clothing, but the cold was cruel and wore us down hour after hour.
- 1951 C. S. Lewis, Prince Caspian: The Return to Narnia
- You may be sure they watched the cliffs on their left eagerly for any sign of a break or any place where they could climb them; but those cliffs remained cruel.
- Synonym: brutal
- 2013, Ranulph Fiennes, Cold: Extreme Adventures at the Lowest Temperatures on Earth
- (slang) Cool; awesome; neat.
Derived terms
- be cruel to be kind
- cruel-hearted
- cruelly
- cruelness
- cruelsome
- goodbye, cruel world
- overcruel
Related terms
- crude
- cruelty
Translations
Adverb
cruel (not comparable)
- (nonstandard) To a great degree; terribly.
Verb
cruel (third-person singular simple present cruels, present participle cruelling, simple past and past participle cruelled)
- (chiefly Australia, New Zealand) To spoil or ruin (one's chance of success)
- 1937, Vance Palmer, Legend for Sanderson, Sydney: Angus & Robertson, p. 226, [2]
- What cruelled him was that Imperial Hotel contract.
- 2014, The Sydney Morning Herald, 1 April, 2014, [3]
- He was on the fringes of Test selection last year before a shoulder injury cruelled his chances.
- 2015, The Age, 8 September, 2015, [4]
- A shortage of berth space for mega container ships will restrict capacity at Melbourne's port, cruelling Labor's attempts to get maximum value from its privatisation, a leading shipping expert has warned.
- 1937, Vance Palmer, Legend for Sanderson, Sydney: Angus & Robertson, p. 226, [2]
- (Australia, transitive, intransitive) To violently provoke (a child) in the belief that this will make them more assertive.
- 2007, Stewart Motha, "Reconciliation as Domination" in Scott Veitch (ed.), Law and the Politics of Reconciliation, Routledge, 2016, p. 83, [5]
- Violence is apparently introduced early by the practice of "cruelling": children even in their first months are physically punished and then encouraged to seek retribution by punishing the punisher.
- 2009, Mark Colvin, ABC, "Peter Sutton discusses the politics of suffering in Aboriginal communities," 2 July, 2009, [6]
- […] I was referring to the area where you were talking about this practice of cruelling; the pinching of babies, sometimes so hard that their skin breaks and may go septic.
- 2007, Stewart Motha, "Reconciliation as Domination" in Scott Veitch (ed.), Law and the Politics of Reconciliation, Routledge, 2016, p. 83, [5]
Etymology 2
Noun
cruel (countable and uncountable, plural cruels)
- Alternative form of crewel
Further reading
- cruel in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- cruel in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Anagrams
- lucre, ulcer
Asturian
Etymology
From Latin cr?d?lis.
Adjective
cruel (epicene, plural crueles)
- cruel
Related terms
- crueldá
- crudu
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin cr?d?lis.
Adjective
cruel (masculine and feminine plural cruels)
- cruel
Derived terms
- cruelment
Related terms
- crueltat
- cru
Further reading
- “cruel” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
French
Etymology
From Old French cruel, from Latin cr?d?lis; either remade based on the Latin or evolved from the Old French form crual, possibly from a Vulgar Latin form *cr?d?lis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /k?y.?l/
- Homophones: cruels, cruelle, cruelles
Adjective
cruel (feminine singular cruelle, masculine plural cruels, feminine plural cruelles)
- cruel
- hard, painful
Synonyms
- féroce
- pénible
Derived terms
- cruellement
Related terms
- cruauté
- cru
Further reading
- “cruel” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams
- culer
- recul
Galician
Etymology
From Old Portuguese [Term?], from Latin cr?d?lis.
Adjective
cruel m or f (plural crueis)
- cruel
Derived terms
- cruelment
Related terms
- crueldade
- cru
Middle English
Alternative forms
- kruell, cruele, cruwel, crewel, cruell, cruwelle, crewelle, cruelle, crowell
Etymology
From Old French crual, from Latin cr?d?lis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kriu????l/, /?kriu??l/, /?kriu??l/, /?kru?l/
Adjective
cruel
- Merciless, cruel; revelling in another's pain.
- Deleterious, injurious; conducive to suffering.
- Unbearable, saddening, terrifying.
- Strict, unforgiving, mean; not nice.
- Savage, vicious, dangerous; displaying ferocity.
- Bold, valiant, heroic (in war)
- (rare) Sharp, acrid, bitter-tasting.
Derived terms
- cruelheed
- cruelly
- cruelnesse
- cruelte
Descendants
- English: cruel
- Scots: cruel
References
- “cr???l, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-12.
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese cruel, from Latin cr?d?lis.
Pronunciation
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /k?u.???/
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /k?u.??w/
- Rhymes: -?w
Adjective
cruel (plural cruéis, comparable)
- (of a person or creature) cruel (that intentionally causes or revels in pain and suffering)
- Synonym: bárbaro
- (of a situation or occurrence) cruel; harsh; severe
- Synonyms: severo, terrível, pesado
- (of a doubt or question) distressful
- Synonym: terrível
- (of an occurrence) bloody; violent
- Synonyms: sangrento, cruento, sanguinolento
Derived terms
- cruelmente
Related terms
- crueldade
- cru
Spanish
Etymology
From Old Spanish, from Latin cr?d?lis.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?k?wel/, [?k?wel]
Adjective
cruel (plural crueles)
- cruel, mean
Derived terms
- cruelmente
Related terms
- crueldad
- crudo
Further reading
- “cruel” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
cruel From the web:
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rough
English
Alternative forms
- ruff (colloquial)
Etymology
From Middle English rough, rogh, ro?e, row, rou, ru, ru?, ruh, from Old English r?g, r?h, from Proto-Germanic *r?haz. Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”).
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /??f/
- Rhymes: -?f
- Homophone: ruff
Adjective
rough (comparative rougher, superlative roughest)
- Not smooth; uneven.
- 1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room Chapter 1
- The rock was one of those tremendously solid brown, or rather black, rocks which emerge from the sand like something primitive. Rough with crinkled limpet shells and sparsely strewn with locks of dry seaweed, a small boy has to stretch his legs far apart, and indeed to feel rather heroic, before he gets to the top.
- 1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room Chapter 1
- Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.
- Turbulent.
- 1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter xii:
- With my mother's permission and blessings, I set off exultantly for Bombay, leaving my wife with a baby of a few months. But on arrival there, friends told my brother that the Indian Ocean was rough in June and July, and as this was my first voyage, I should not be allowed to sail until November.
- 1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter xii:
- Difficult; trying.
- Crude; unrefined
- Violent; not careful or subtle
- Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
- But most by Numbers judge a Poet's song,
And smooth or rough, with them
- But most by Numbers judge a Poet's song,
- Not polished; uncut; said of a gem.
- Harsh-tasting.
- (chiefly Britain, colloquial, slang) Somewhat ill; sick
- (chiefly Britain, colloquial, slang) Unwell due to alcohol; hungover
Antonyms
- smooth
Derived terms
Translations
Noun
rough (plural roughs)
- The unmowed part of a golf course.
- A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
- (cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.
- The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.
- A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming.
- (obsolete) Boisterous weather.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Fletcher to this entry?)
- A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
rough (third-person singular simple present roughs, present participle roughing, simple past and past participle roughed)
- To create in an approximate form.
- (ice hockey) To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
- To render rough; to roughen.
- To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Crabb to this entry?)
- To endure primitive conditions.
- (transitive) To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.
Derived terms
Translations
Adverb
rough (comparative more rough, superlative most rough)
- In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
Derived terms
- sleep rough
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