different between cram vs reduce
cram
English
Etymology
From Middle English crammen, from Old English crammian (“to cram; stuff”), from Proto-West Germanic *kramm?n, from Proto-Germanic *kramm?n?, a secondary verb derived from *krimman? (“to stuff”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to assemble; collect; gather”). Compare Old English crimman (“to cram; stuff; insert; press; bruise”), Icelandic kremja (“to squeeze; crush; bruise”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /k?æm/
- Rhymes: -æm
Verb
cram (third-person singular simple present crams, present participle cramming, simple past and past participle crammed)
- (transitive) To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in thrusting one thing into another; to stuff; to fill to superfluity.
- (transitive) To fill with food to satiety; to stuff.
- (transitive) To put hastily through an extensive course of memorizing or study, as in preparation for an examination.
- (intransitive) To study hard; to swot.
- (intransitive) To eat greedily, and to satiety; to stuff oneself.
- (intransitive, dated, British slang) To lie; to intentionally not tell the truth.
- (transitive, dated, British slang) To make (a person) believe false or exaggerated tales.
Derived terms
- crammable, crammer, cram school, cram-full, cram session
Translations
Noun
cram (countable and uncountable, plural crams)
- The act of cramming (forcing or stuffing something).
- Information hastily memorized.
- (weaving) A warp having more than two threads passing through each dent or split of the reed.
- (dated, British slang) A lie; a falsehood.
- (uncountable) A mathematical board game in which players take turns placing dominoes horizontally or vertically until no more can be placed, the loser being the player who cannot continue.
- A small friendship book with limited space for people to enter their information.
- 2017, Mark Duffett, Fan Identities and Practices in Context: Dedicated to Music (page 194)
- Regular friendship books had a variety of variations, such as slams, crams, and decos.
- 2017, Mark Duffett, Fan Identities and Practices in Context: Dedicated to Music (page 194)
Synonyms
- (lie): see Thesaurus:lie
Translations
Anagrams
- MRCA, Marc, macr-, marc, mrca
cram From the web:
- what cramps
- what cramps feel like
- what cramping is normal during pregnancy
- what cramps during period
- what cramps look like
- what cramps mean
- what cramming means
- what cramp hurts the most
reduce
English
Etymology
From Middle English reducen, from Old French reducer, from Latin red?c? (“reduce”); from re- (“back”) + d?c? (“lead”). See duke, and compare with redoubt.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /???dju?s/, /???d?u?s/
- (General American) IPA(key): /???du?s/
- Rhymes: -u?s
Verb
reduce (third-person singular simple present reduces, present participle reducing, simple past and past participle reduced)
- (transitive) To bring down the size, quantity, quality, value or intensity of something; to diminish, to lower.
- (intransitive) To lose weight.
- (transitive) To bring to an inferior rank; to degrade, to demote.
- 1815, Walter Scott, Guy Mannering
- My father, the eldest son of an ancient but reduced family, left me with little.
- a. 1694, John Tillotson, The Folly of Scoffing at Religion
- nothing so excellent but a man may falten upon something or other belonging to it whereby to reduce it .
- 1671, John Milton, Samson Agonistes
- Having reduced their foe to misery beneath their fears.
- Hester Prynne was shocked at the condition to which she found the clergyman reduced.
- 1815, Walter Scott, Guy Mannering
- (transitive) To humble; to conquer; to subdue; to capture.
- (transitive) To bring to an inferior state or condition.
- (transitive, cooking) To decrease the liquid content of food by boiling much of its water off.
- 2011, Edward Behr and James MacGuire, The Art of Eating Cookbook: Essential Recipes from the First 25 Years.
- Serve the oxtails with mustard or a sauce made by reducing the soup, if any is left, to a slightly thick sauce.
- 2011, Edward Behr and James MacGuire, The Art of Eating Cookbook: Essential Recipes from the First 25 Years.
- (transitive, chemistry) To add electrons / hydrogen or to remove oxygen.
- (transitive, metallurgy) To produce metal from ore by removing nonmetallic elements in a smelter.
- (transitive, mathematics) To simplify an equation or formula without changing its value.
- (transitive, computer science) To express the solution of a problem in terms of another (known) algorithm.
- (transitive, logic) To convert a syllogism to a clearer or simpler form
- (transitive, law) To convert to written form. (Usage note: this verb almost always appears as "reduce to writing".)
- (transitive, medicine) To perform a reduction; to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment.
- (transitive, military) To reform a line or column from (a square).
- (transitive, military) To strike off the payroll.
- (transitive, Scotland, law) To annul by legal means.
- (transitive, obsolete) To translate (a book, document, etc.).
Synonyms
- (to bring down): cut, decrease, lower
- (cooking): inspissate; see also Thesaurus:thicken
Antonyms
- (to bring down): increase
Related terms
Translations
See also
- reducing agent
References
- reduce in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
Italian
Etymology
From Latin redux (“that returns”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?r?.du.t??e/
Adjective
reduce (plural reduci) (da)
- returning (from)
- Synonym: ritornato
Noun
reduce m or f (plural reduci)
- survivor
- Synonym: sopravvissuto
- veteran (of a conflict)
- Synonyms: veterano, ex combattente
Anagrams
- ducere
Latin
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /re?du?.ke/, [r??d?u?k?]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /re?du.t??e/, [r??d?u?t???]
Verb
red?ce
- second-person singular present active imperative of red?c?
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /?re.du.ke/, [?r?d??k?]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /?re.du.t??e/, [?r??d?ut???]
- (Classical) IPA(key): /?re.du.ke/, [?r?d??k?]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /?re.du.t??e/, [?r??d?ut???]
Adjective
r?duce
- ablative masculine singular of r??dux
- ablative feminine singular of r??dux
- ablative neuter singular of r??dux
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin reducere, French réduire, based on duce. Compare the inherited doublet ar?duce.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /re?dut?e/, [re??d?ut?e?]
Verb
a reduce (third-person singular present reduce, past participle redus) 3rd conj.
- (transitive) to reduce, to lessen
Conjugation
Derived terms
Related terms
- duce
See also
- ar?duce
Spanish
Verb
reduce
- Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of reducir.
- Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of reducir.
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present indicative form of reducir.
reduce From the web:
- what reduces swelling
- what reduces inflammation
- what reduces cholesterol quickly
- what reduces bloating
- what reduces fever
- what reduces friction
- what reduces blood pressure
- what reduces cortisol
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