different between copulation vs copula
copulation
English
Etymology
From Middle French copulation, from Latin copulo (“I join, unite, connect”)
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /k?p.j??le?.??n/
- Rhymes: -e???n
Noun
copulation (countable and uncountable, plural copulations)
- (countable) The act of coupling or joining; union; conjunction.
- (uncountable) Sexual procreation between a man and a woman or transfer of the sperm from male to female; usually applied to the mating process in nonhuman animals; coitus; coition.
- ca.1909, Mark Twain, Letters from the Earth, Letter VIII:
- Solomon, who was one of the Deity's favorities, had a copulation cabinet composed of seven hundred wives and three hundred concubines.
- ca.1909, Mark Twain, Letters from the Earth, Letter VIII:
Synonyms
- See also Thesaurus:copulation
Translations
Anagrams
- poculation
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copula
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin copula (“connection, linking of words”), from co- (“together”) +? apere (“fasten”). Doublet of couple.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /?k?pj?l?/
- (UK) IPA(key): /?k?pj?l?/
- (US) IPA(key): /?k?pj?l?/
- Rhymes: -?pj?l?
- Hyphenation: cop?u?la
Noun
copula (plural copulas or copulae)
- (linguistics, grammar) A word, usually a verb, used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate (usually a subject complement or an adverbial), that unites or associates the subject with the predicate.
- 1994, Randall Hendrick, 8: The Brythonic Celtic copula and head raising, David Lightfoot, Norbert Hornstein (editors), Verb Movement, page 163,
- I begin by arguing in section 2 that there are in fact at least two Celtic copulas, a grammatical copula that simply spells out tense and agreement, and a substantive copula formed on a lexically listed verbal stem.
- 2002, Quentin Smith, Language and Time, page 189,
- The theory of conjunctively tensed copulae will be developed and stated with more precision in the following section.
- 2003, Giuliano Bernini, The copula in learner Italian: Finiteness and verbal inflection, Christine Dimroth, Marianne Starren (editors), Information Structure and the Dynamics of Language Acquisition, page 159,
- This paper explores the position of the copula in the development of the verb system in second language acquisition of Italian.
- 2006, Christine Czinglar, Antigone Kati?i?, Katharina Köhler, Chris Schaner-Wolles, Strategies in the L1-Acquisition of Predication: The Copula Construction in German and Croatian, Natalia Gagarina, Insa Gülzow (editors), page 95,
- The present study focuses on the acquisition of a specific verbal element, namely the copula, in predicative constructions in a cross-linguistic perspective (English, German, Croatian).
- 1994, Randall Hendrick, 8: The Brythonic Celtic copula and head raising, David Lightfoot, Norbert Hornstein (editors), Verb Movement, page 163,
- (statistics) A function that represents the association between two or more variables, independent of the individual marginal distributions of the variables.
- 2009, N. Balakrishnan, Chin-Diew Lai, Continuous Bivariate Distributions, page 59,
- There is little statistical theoretical theory for copulas. Sensitivity studies of estimation procedures and goodness-of-fit tests for copulas are unknown.
- 2011, Julian Shaw, Chapter 16: Julian Shaw, Richard R. Lindsey, Barry Schachter (editors), How I Became a Quant: Insights from 25 of Wall Street's Elite, page 240,
- Copulas provide an example of the haphazard evolution of quantitative finance. The key result is Sklar's theorem, which says that one can characterize any multivariate probability distribution by its copula (which specifies the correlation structure) and its marginal distributions (the conditional one dimensional distributions). Thus one can create multivariate distributions by mixing and matching copulas and marginal distributions.
- 2011, Ostap Okhrin, Chapter 17: Fitting High-Dimensional Copulae to Data, Jin-Chuan Duan, Wolfgang Karl Härdle, James E. Gentle (editors), Handbook of Computational Finance, page 482,
- A recently developed flexible method is provided by hierarchical Archimedean copulae (HAC).
- 2009, N. Balakrishnan, Chin-Diew Lai, Continuous Bivariate Distributions, page 59,
- (music) A device that connects two or more keyboards of an organ.
- (biology) The act of copulation; mating.
Synonyms
- (grammar): linking verb, copular, copular verb
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
See also
- Appendix:List of English copulae
- Copula (linguistics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Copula (probability theory) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Copula (music) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
References
- copula in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- copula in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Anagrams
- coupla, cupola, pocula
Catalan
Verb
copula
- third-person singular present indicative form of copular
- second-person singular imperative form of copular
Dutch
Etymology
Ultimately from Latin copula. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?ko?.py.la?/
- Hyphenation: co?pu?la
Noun
copula f (plural copula's or copulae)
- (grammar) copula
- (ichthyology, dated) a connective segment or piece of tissue, usually of cartilage, chiefly in fish
Derived terms
- copulatief
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /k?.py.la/
- Homophones: copulas, copulât
Verb
copula
- third-person singular past historic of copuler
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?k?.pu.la/
- Rhymes: -?pula
- Hyphenation: cò?pu?la
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Latin c?pula, contraction of an earlier form *coapula, derived from con- (“together”) + ap? (“I join”).. Doublet of coppia.
Noun
copula f (plural copule)
- copula
- conjunction
Related terms
- copulante
- copulare
- copulatore
- copulazione
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
copula
- inflection of copulare:
- third-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
Anagrams
- cupola
Latin
Etymology
Contraction of *coapula, from con- (“together”) + ap? (“I join”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /?ko?.pu.la/, [?ko?p???ä]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /?ko.pu.la/, [?k??pul?]
Noun
c?pula f (genitive c?pulae); first declension
- A bond, tie, or other connecting item.
Declension
First-declension noun.
Derived terms
- c?pul?
Descendants
References
- copula in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- copula in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- copula in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
Portuguese
Verb
copula
- third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present indicative of copular
- second-person singular (tu, sometimes used with você) affirmative imperative of copular
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ko?pula/, [ko?pu.la]
Verb
copula
- Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of copular.
- Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of copular.
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present indicative form of copular.
copula From the web:
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