different between complex vs abstract
complex
English
Etymology
From French complexe, from Latin complexus, past participle of complect? (“to entwine, encircle, compass, infold”), from com- (“together”) and plectere (“to weave, braid”). See complect. Doublet of complexus.
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -?ks
- Adjective
- (UK) IPA(key): /k?m?pl?ks/, /?k?m.pl?ks/
- (US) enPR: k?mpl?ks, k?m'pl?ks; IPA(key): /k?m?pl?ks/, /?k?mpl?ks/
- Noun
- (UK) IPA(key): /?k?m.pl?ks/
- (US) enPR: k?m'pl?ks, IPA(key): /?k?mpl?ks/
Adjective
complex (comparative complexer or more complex, superlative complexest or most complex)
- Made up of multiple parts; composite; not simple.
- Ideas thus made up of several simple ones put together, I call complex; such as beauty, gratitude, a man, an army, the universe.
- Not simple, easy, or straightforward; complicated.
- 1837, William Whewell, History of the Inductive Sciences
- When the actual motions of the heavens are calculated in the best possible way, the process is complex and difficult.
- 1837, William Whewell, History of the Inductive Sciences
- (mathematics, of a number) Having the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is (by definition) the imaginary square root of ?1.
- (mathematics, mathematical analysis, of a function) Whose range is a subset of the complex numbers.
- (mathematics, algebra) Whose coefficients are complex numbers; defined over the field of complex numbers.
- (geometry) A curve, polygon or other figure that crosses or intersects itself.
Synonyms
- (not simple): complicated, detailed, difficult, hard, intricate, involved, tough
Antonyms
- (not simple): basic, easy, simple, simplex, straightforward
Derived terms
- complex function
- complexify
- complexity
- complexness
- pseudocomplex
Related terms
- complexion
- (mathematics): symplectic
Translations
Noun
complex (plural complexes)
- A problem. (clarification of this definition is needed)
- A network of interconnected systems.
- A collection of buildings with a common purpose, such as a university or military base.
- An assemblage of related things; a collection.
- This parable of the wedding supper comprehends in it the whole complex of all the blessings and privileges exhibited by the gospel.
- An organized cluster of thunderstorms.
- A cluster of wildfires burning in the same vicinity.
- (taxonomy) A group of closely related species, often distinguished only with difficulty by traditional morphological methods.
- (psychoanalysis) An abnormal mental condition caused by repressed emotions.
- (informal, by extension) A vehement, often excessive psychological dislike or fear of a particular thing.
- (chemistry) A structure consisting of a central atom or molecule weakly connected to surrounding atoms or molecules.
- (mathematics) A complex number.
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
complex (third-person singular simple present complexes, present participle complexing, simple past and past participle complexed)
- (chemistry, intransitive) To form a complex with another substance
- (transitive) To complicate.
Translations
Further reading
- complex in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- complex in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- complex at OneLook Dictionary Search
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin complexus.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Valencian) IPA(key): /kom?pl?ks/
- (Central) IPA(key): /kum?pl?ks/
Adjective
complex (feminine complexa, masculine plural complexos, feminine plural complexes)
- complex
- Antonyms: simple, senzill
Derived terms
- nombre complex
Related terms
- complexitat
Noun
complex m (plural complexos)
- complex (clarification of this definition is needed)
Further reading
- “complex” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “complex” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
- “complex” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “complex” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from French complexe or German komplex, from Latin complexus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /k?m?pl?ks/
- Hyphenation: com?plex
- Rhymes: -?ks
Adjective
complex (comparative complexer, superlative meest complex or complext)
- complex (composite)
- complex (complicated)
- (mathematics) complex (containing an imaginary component or involving imaginary numbers)
Inflection
Derived terms
- complex getal
- complexiteit
Descendants
- ? Indonesian: kompleks
Noun
complex n (plural complexen, diminutive complexje n)
- complex (collection of buildings or facilities with a common purpose)
- (psychoanalysis) complex (abnormal mental state caused by repression)
Derived terms
- gebouwencomplex
- inferioriteitscomplex
- meerderwaarigheidscomplex
- minderwaardigheidscomplex
- sportcomplex
- superioriteitscomplex
- tempelcomplex
Related terms
- complicatie
- gecompliceerd
Descendants
- ? Indonesian: kompleks
Romanian
Etymology
From French complexe, from Latin complexus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [kom?pleks]
Adjective
complex m or n (feminine singular complex?, masculine plural complec?i, feminine and neuter plural complexe)
- complex
Declension
Antonyms
- simplu
Related terms
- complexitate
Further reading
- complex in DEX online - Dic?ionare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
complex From the web:
- what complex do i have
- what complex means
- what complex carbohydrates
- what complex sentence
- what complexion am i
- what complex receives electrons from nadh
- what complexion will my baby be
- what complex fraction is equal to 2/3
abstract
English
Etymology
From Middle English abstract, borrowed from Latin abstractus, perfect passive participle of abstrah? (“draw away”), formed from abs- (“away”) + trah? (“to pull, draw”). The verbal sense is first attested in 1542.
Pronunciation
- Noun:
- IPA(key): /?æb?st?ækt/
- Adjective:
- (UK) IPA(key): /?æb?st?ækt/
- (US) IPA(key): /?æb?st?ækt/, /?b?st?ækt/, /?æb?st?ækt/
- Verb:
- IPA(key): /?æb?st?ækt/, /?b?st?ækt/
Noun
abstract (plural abstracts)
- An abridgement or summary of a longer publication. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
- An analysis and abstract of every treatise he had read.
- Something that concentrates in itself the qualities of a larger item, or multiple items. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
- 1628, John Ford, The Lover's Melancholy
- Man, the abstract Of all perfection, which the workmanship Of Heaven hath modeled.
- Concentrated essence of a product.
- (medicine) A powdered solid extract of a medicinal substance mixed with lactose.
- 1628, John Ford, The Lover's Melancholy
- An abstraction; an abstract term; that which is abstract. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
- 1843, John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic
- The concretes "father" and "son" have, or might have, the abstracts "paternity" and "filiety".
- 1843, John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic
- The theoretical way of looking at things; something that exists only in idealized form. [First attested in the early 17th century.]
- (art) An abstract work of art. [First attested in the early 20th century.]
- (real estate) A summary title of the key points detailing a tract of land, for ownership; abstract of title.
Usage notes
- (theoretical way of looking at things): Preceded, typically, by the.
Synonyms
- (statement summarizing the important points of a text): abridgment, compendium, epitome, synopsis
Derived terms
- abstract of title
Descendants
- Norwegian Bokmål: abstrakt
Translations
Adjective
abstract (comparative more abstract or abstracter, superlative most abstract or abstractest)
- (obsolete) Derived; extracted. [Attested from around 1350 to 1470 until the late 15th century.]
- (now rare) Drawn away; removed from; apart from; separate. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
- 17th century, John Norris (philosopher), The Oxford Dictionary:
- The more abstract we are from the body ... the more fit we shall be to behold divine light.
- 17th century, John Norris (philosopher), The Oxford Dictionary:
- Not concrete: conceptual, ideal. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
- Synonyms: conceptual, ideal, imaginary, incorporeal, intangible, nonempirical, theoretical
- Antonyms: actual, concrete, corporeal, empirical
- Difficult to understand; abstruse; hard to conceptualize. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
- Synonym: abstruse
- Separately expressing a property or attribute of an object that is considered to be inherent to that object: attributive, ascriptive. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
- Synonyms: attributive, ascriptive
- 1843, John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, Volume 1, page 34,
- A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name which stands for an attribute of a thing...
- Pertaining comprehensively to, or representing, a class or group of objects, as opposed to any specific object; considered apart from any application to a particular object: general, generic, nonspecific; representational. [First attested by Locke in 1689.]
- Synonyms: general, generalized, generic, nonspecific, representational
- Antonyms: discrete, specific, particular, precise
- 1843, John Stuart Mill, A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive, Volume 1, page 34,
- A concrete name is a name which stands for a thing; an abstract name which stands for an attribute of a thing. […] A practice, however, has grown up in more modern times, which, if not introduced by Locke, has gained currency from his example, of applying the expression "abstract name" to all names which are the result of abstraction and generalization, and consequently to all general names, instead of confining it to the names of attributes.
- (archaic) Absent-minded. [First attested in the early 16th century.]
- abstract, as in a trance
- (art) Pertaining to the formal aspect of art, such as the lines, colors, shapes, and the relationships among them. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]
- (art, often capitalized) Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20th century. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]
- (music) Absolute.
- (dance) Lacking a story.
- Insufficiently factual.
- Synonym: formal
- Apart from practice or reality; vague; theoretical; impersonal; not applied.
- Synonyms: conceptual, theoretical
- Antonyms: applied, practical
- (grammar) As a noun, denoting an intangible as opposed to an object, place, or person.
- (computing) Of a class in object-oriented programming, being a partial basis for subclasses rather than a complete template for objects.
Derived terms
Translations
See also
- reify
Verb
abstract (third-person singular simple present abstracts, present participle abstracting, simple past and past participle abstracted)
- (transitive) To separate; to disengage. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
- (transitive) To remove; to take away; withdraw. [First attested in the late 15th century.]
- (transitive, euphemistic) To steal; to take away; to remove without permission. [First attested in the late 15th century.]
- 1872, William Black, The Strange Adventures of a Phaeton
- Von Rosen had quietly abstracted the bearing-reins from the harness.
- 2014, A P Simester, J R Spencer, G R Sullivan, Simester and Sullivan's Criminal Law: Theory and Doctrine
- Section 13 of the 1968 Act enacts a separate offence of dishonestly abstracting electricity. The separate offence is needed because electricity, like other forms of energy such as heat, is not property.
- 1872, William Black, The Strange Adventures of a Phaeton
- (transitive) To summarize; to abridge; to epitomize. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Franklin to this entry?)
- To conceptualize an ideal subgroup by means of the generalization of an attribute, as follows: by apprehending an attribute inherent to one individual, then separating that attribute and contemplating it by itself, then conceiving of that attribute as a general quality, then despecifying that conceived quality with respect to several or many individuals, and by then ideating a group composed of those individuals perceived to possess said quality.
- (transitive, obsolete) To extract by means of distillation. [Attested from the early 17th century until the early 18th century.]
- (transitive) To consider abstractly; to contemplate separately or by itself; to consider theoretically; to look at as a general quality. [First attested in the early 17th century.]
- (intransitive, reflexive, literally, figuratively) To withdraw oneself; to retire. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]
- (transitive) To draw off (interest or attention).
- June 1869, William Blackwood, Late for the Train (published in Blackwood's Magazine)
- The young stranger had been abstracted and silent.
- He was wholly abstracted by other objects.
- June 1869, William Blackwood, Late for the Train (published in Blackwood's Magazine)
- (intransitive, rare) To perform the process of abstraction.
- 1710, George Berkeley, A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
- I own myself able to abstract in one sense.
- 1710, George Berkeley, A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
- (intransitive, fine arts) To create abstractions.
- (intransitive, computing) To produce an abstraction, usually by refactoring existing code. Generally used with "out".
- He abstracted out the square root function.
Conjugation
Usage notes
- (to separate or disengage): Followed by the word from.
- (to withdraw oneself): Followed by the word from.
- (to summarize): Pronounced predominantly as /?æb?strækt/.
- All other senses are pronounced as /æb?strækt/.
Synonyms
- (to remove, separate, take away, or withdraw): remove, separate, take away, withdraw
- (to abridge, epitomize, or summarize): abridge, epitomize, summarize
- (to filch, purloin, or steal): filch, purloin, steal
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
References
- abstract at OneLook Dictionary Search
- abstract in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
- abstract in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- abstract in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle French abstract, from Latin abstractus; cf. English abstract.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?p?str?kt/
- Hyphenation: ab?stract
- Rhymes: -?kt
Adjective
abstract (comparative abstracter, superlative abstractst)
- abstract
- (art) abstract
- Antonym: figuratief
Inflection
Derived terms
- abstractie
Descendants
- Afrikaans: abstrak
- ? Indonesian: abstrak
Middle English
Alternative forms
- abstracte
Etymology
From Latin abstractus, from abstrah?.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ab?strakt(?)/
Adjective
abstract (Late Middle English, rare)
- Drawn away or out of; detached:
- Excerpted; quoted from another text.
- Out of one's mind or detached from reality; temporarily insane.
- Having been (pulled or moved) above the ground.
- Barely comprehensible; hard to read.
- (grammar) Abstract (of a noun).
Related terms
Descendants
- English: abstract
- Scots: abstract
References
- “abstract, ppl.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-24.
Noun
abstract
- (Late Middle English, rare) abstract, synopsis
Descendants
- English: abstract
- Norwegian Bokmål: abstrakt
- Scots: abstract
References
- “abstract, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-24.
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin abstractus, German Abstrakt.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ab?strakt/
Adjective
abstract m or n (feminine singular abstract?, masculine plural abstrac?i, feminine and neuter plural abstracte)
- abstract
Declension
Antonyms
- concret
Related terms
References
Scots
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??bstrak(t)/
Noun
abstract (plural abstracts)
- abstract
Adjective
abstract (comparative mair abstract, superlative maist abstract)
- abstract
Verb
abstract (third-person singular present abstracts, present participle abstractin, past abstractt, past participle abstractt)
- abstract
abstract From the web:
- what abstract means
- what abstract art
- what abstract noun
- what abstract art means
- what abstract noun means
- what abstraction is used in kruskal's algorithm
- what abstract ideas mean
- what abstract expressionism
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