different between class vs list

English

Etymology

From Middle French classe, from Latin classis (“a class or division of the people, assembly of people, the whole body of citizens called to arms, the army, the fleet, later a class or division in general”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh?- (“to call, shout”). Doublet of classis.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, Ireland, New England) enPR: kläs, IPA^(key): /kl??s/
• (Northern England, Scotland) enPR: kl?s, IPA^(key): /klæs/, /klas/
• (General American, NYC) enPR: kl?s, IPA^(key): /klæs/, /kle?s/
• Rhymes: -??s, -æs
• Hyphenation: class

Noun

class (countable and uncountable, plural classes)

1. (countable) A group, collection, category or set sharing characteristics or attributes.
3. (sociology, countable) A social grouping, based on job, wealth, etc. In Britain, society is commonly split into three main classes; upper class, middle class and working class.
4. (uncountable) The division of society into classes.

5. (uncountable) Admirable behavior; elegance.

7. (education, countable and uncountable) A group of students in a regularly scheduled meeting with a teacher.

8. A series of lessons covering a single subject.

9. (countable) A group of students who commenced or completed their education during a particular year. A school class.

10. (countable) A category of seats in an airplane, train or other means of mass transportation.
12. (taxonomy, countable) A rank in the classification of organisms, below phylum and above order; a taxon of that rank.

13. Best of its kind.
14. (statistics) A grouping of data values in an interval, often used for computation of a frequency distribution.
16. (set theory) A collection of sets definable by a shared property.
    • 1973, Abraham Fraenkel, Yehoshua Bar-Hillel, Azriel Lévy, Foundations of Set Theory, Elsevier, 2nd Edition, page 119,

      In the present section we shall discuss the various systems of set theory which admit, beside sets, also classes. Classes are like sets, except that they can be very comprehensive; an extreme example of a class is the class which contains all sets. […] The main point which will, in our opinion, emerge from this analysis is that set theory with classes and set theory with sets only are not two separate theories; they are, essentially, different formulations of the same underlying theory.

17. (military) A group of people subject to be conscripted in the same military draft, or more narrowly those persons actually conscripted in a particular draft.
19. (object-oriented programming, countable) A set of objects having the same behavior (but typically differing in state), or a template defining such a set.

20. One of the sections into which a Methodist church or congregation is divided, supervised by a class leader.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:class

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ??? (kurasu)

Translations

Verb

class (third-person singular simple present classes, present participle classing, simple past and past participle classed)

1. (transitive) To assign to a class; to classify.
2. (intransitive) To be grouped or classed.
   • 1790, Edward Tatham, The Chart and Scale of Truth

     the genus or family under which it classes

3. (transitive) To divide into classes, as students; to form into, or place in, a class or classes.

Derived terms

Translations

Adjective

class (not comparable)

1. (Ireland, Britain, slang) great; fabulous
   • 2009, Erik Qualman, Socialnomics

     To talented authors Tim Ash and Brian Reich for introducing me to John Wiley & Sons—a truly class outfit.

Related terms

References

• class in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• class in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• "class" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 60.
• class at OneLook Dictionary Search
• class in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.

Further reading

• Von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Old Irish

Verb

·class

1. passive singular preterite conjunct of claidid

Mutation

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /l?st/
• Rhymes: -?st
• Homophone: Liszt

Etymology 1

From Middle English l??st, l??ste (“band, stripe; hem, selvage; border, edge, rim; list, specification; barriers enclosing area for jousting, etc.”), from Old English l?ste (“hem, edge, strip”), or Old French liste, listre (“border; band; strip of paper; list”), or Medieval Latin lista, all from Proto-Germanic *l?st? (“band, strip; hem, selvage; border, edge”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“to trace, track”). The word is cognate with Dutch lijst (“list”), Finnish lista (“(informal) list; batten”), Galician lista (“band, strip; list”), German Leiste (“ledge; (heraldry) bar”), Icelandic lista, listi, Italian lista (“list; strip”), Portuguese lista (“list”), Spanish lista (“list, roll; stripe”), Swedish lista (“list”).

Noun

list (plural lists)

1. A strip of fabric, especially from the edge of a piece of cloth.
2. Material used for cloth selvage.
3. A register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself. [from 1600]
5. (in the plural, historical) The barriers or palisades used to fence off a space for jousting or tilting tournaments.
   • c. 1595, William Shakespeare, Richard II, Act I, Scene 3,^[4]

     On pain of death, no person be so bold

     Or daring-hardy as to touch the lists,

     Except the marshal and such officers

     Appointed to direct these fair designs.
6. (computing, programming) A codified representation of a list used to store data or in processing; especially, in the LISP programming language, a data structure consisting of a sequence of zero or more items.
7. (architecture) A little square moulding; a fillet or listel.
8. (carpentry) A narrow strip of wood, especially sapwood, cut from the edge of a board or plank.
9. (ropemaking) A piece of woollen cloth with which the yarns are grasped by a worker.
10. (tin-plate manufacture) The first thin coating of tin; a wire-like rim of tin left on an edge of the plate after it is coated.
11. (obsolete) A stripe.
12. (obsolete) A boundary or limit; a border.

Synonyms

• (enumeration or compilation of items): see Thesaurus:list

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

1. (transitive) To create or recite a list.
2. (transitive) To place in listings.
3. (transitive) To sew together, as strips of cloth, so as to make a show of colours, or to form a border.
4. (transitive) To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; to stripe as if with list.
5. (transitive, agriculture) To plough and plant with a lister.
6. (transitive, agriculture, chiefly Southern US) To prepare (land) for a cotton crop by making alternating beds and alleys with a hoe.
7. (transitive, carpentry) To cut away a narrow strip, as of sapwood, from the edge of.

8. (transitive, military) To enclose (a field, etc.) for combat.
9. (transitive, obsolete) To engage a soldier, etc.; to enlist.
10. (intransitive, obsolete) To engage in public service by enrolling one's name; to enlist.

Synonyms

• (create or recite a list): tabulate; see also Thesaurus:tick off

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English list, liste (“ability, cleverness, cunning, skill; adroitness, dexterity; strategem, trick; device, design, token”), from Old English list (“art, craft; cleverness, cunning, experience, skill”), from Proto-Germanic *listiz (“art, craft”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *ley?s- (“furrow, trace, track, trail”). The word is cognate with Dutch list (“artifice, guile, sleight; ruse, strategem”), German List (“cunning, guile; ploy, ruse, trick”), Low German list (“artifice, cunning; prudence, wisdom”), Icelandic list (“art”), Saterland Frisian list (“cunning, knowledge”), Scots list (“art, craft, skill; cunning”), Swedish list (“art; cunning, guile, wile; ruse, trick; stealth”), and possibly Spanish listo (“clever”). It is also related to learn, lore.

Noun

list (uncountable)

1. (archaic) Art; craft; cunning; skill.

Synonyms

• See Thesaurus:cunning

Etymology 3

Clipping of list(en).

Verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle list)

1. (intransitive, poetic) To listen.
2. (transitive, poetic) To listen to.

Translations

Etymology 4

From Middle English listen, list, liste, leste, lesten (“to choose, desire, wish (to do something)”), from Old English lystan, from Proto-Germanic *lustijan?, from Proto-Germanic *lustuz (“pleasure”). The word is cognate with Danish lyste (“to desire, feel like, want”), Dutch lusten (“to appreciate, like; to lust”), Faroese lysta (“to desire”), Old Norse lyste (“to desire; to lust”), Old High German lusten (modern German gelüsten and lüsten).

The noun sense is from the verb, or from Middle English list, liste, lest, leste (“desire, wish; craving, longing; enjoyment, joy, pleasure”), which is derived from Middle English listen, list (verb).

Verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

1. (transitive, archaic) To be pleasing to.
2. (transitive, archaic) To desire, like, or wish (to do something).

Derived terms

• listful
• listless

Translations

Noun

list

1. (obsolete) Desire, inclination.

Etymology 5

Origin uncertain; possibly from tilting on lists in jousts, or from Etymology 4 in the sense of inclining towards what one desires.

Noun

list (plural lists)

1. (architecture) A tilt to a building.
2. (nautical) A careening or tilting to one side, usually not intentionally or under a vessel's own power. [from early 17th c.]

Translations

Verb

list (third-person singular simple present lists, present participle listing, simple past and past participle listed)

1. (transitive, nautical) To cause (something) to tilt to one side. [from early 17th c.]

2. (intransitive, nautical) To tilt to one side. [from early 17th c.]

Translations

References

Further reading

• list (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• &lits, lits, silt, slit, tils

Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *list? (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?l?st]

Noun

list m inan

1. leaf (green and flat organ of vegetative plants)
2. (archaic) letter (written message)

   Synonyms: dopis, psaní

3. sheet (sheet of paper)
4. newspaper

5. certificate (document containing a certified statement)

Declension

Derived terms

See also

• doklad
• dokument

Further reading

• list in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• list in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Noun

list c (singular definite listen, not used in plural form)

1. cunning, trick

Verb

list

1. imperative of liste

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch list, from Old Dutch list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /l?st/
• Hyphenation: list
• Rhymes: -?st

Noun

list f (plural listen, diminutive listje n)

1. a cunning plan, a ruse, a trick

Derived terms

• listig

Descendants

• Afrikaans: lis

Anagrams

• silt, stil

Faroese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /l?st/
• Rhymes: -?st
• Homophone: lyst

Noun

list f (genitive singular listar, plural listir)

1. art

Declension

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /l?st/
• Rhymes: -?st
• Homophone: lyst

Noun

list f (genitive singular listar, nominative plural listir)

1. art

Declension

Derived terms

Anagrams

• slit

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *list? (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /list/, [l?ist]

Noun

list m (diminutive listk)

1. leaf, foliage
2. letter (a written message)

Declension

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse list

Noun

list m or f (definite singular lista or listen)

1. cunning, craftiness, slyness
2. skirting board

Etymology 2

Verb

list

1. imperative of liste

References

• “list” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse list

Noun

list f (definite singular lista)

1. cunning, craftiness, slyness

References

• “list” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *listiz. Cognate with Old Saxon list, Dutch list, Old High German list (German List), Old Norse list (Swedish list).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /list/

Noun

list f

1. art; cunning, guile, craft

Declension

Descendants

• Middle English: liste
  • Scots: list
  • English: list

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /list/

Noun

list f

1. skill, proficiency
2. art, craft
3. cunning, slyness
4. resort

Declension

Descendants

• Swedish: list

Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *list? (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /l?ist/

Noun

list m inan (diminutive li?cik)

1. letter (a written message)

Declension

Derived terms

• listonosz

Noun

list

1. genitive plural of lista

Further reading

• list in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *list? (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lî?st/

Noun

l?st m (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. leaf

   Synonym: l?ska

2. (computing) leaf
3. sheet (of paper or other material manufactured in thin sheets)
4. a special purpose certificate (any official document attesting a fact, e.g. of birth, ownership etc.)
5. newsletter, newspaper
6. (obsolete) letter (written message)
7. calf (leg part)
8. sole, flatfish (fish species)
9. (card games) leaves

Declension

See also

Related terms

• liš?e

References

• “list” in Hrvatski jezi?ni portal

Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *list? (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?list/

Noun

list m (genitive singular listu, lista, nominative plural listy, genitive plural listov, declension pattern of dub)

1. letter; a written message
2. leaf; a part of a tree
3. sheet; a piece of paper

Declension

Derived terms

• listový
• lístok
• lístkový
• lísto?ek
• listisko

Further reading

• list in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *list? (“leaf”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /lí?st/

Noun

l?st m inan

1. piece of paper
2. leaf
3. sole
4. (anatomy) calf (leg part)

Inflection

Related terms

• lístje

Further reading

• “list”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Swedish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish list, from Old Norse list, from Proto-Germanic *listiz, from Proto-Indo-European *leys-, *ley?s-. Cognate with Icelandic list.

Noun

list c

1. smartness, trick, cunning

Declension

Related terms

• listig

See also

• lust

Etymology 2

From Old Swedish lista, probably from Middle Low German lîste, from Proto-Germanic *l?st?. Cognate with Danish liste, Icelandic lista.

Noun

list c

1. a strip (of wood or metal, a thin and long board), a border, a beading
2. (graphical user interface) a bar

Declension

Derived terms

• golvlist
• kromlist
• statuslist

See also

• lista

References

• list in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

• lits, slit, stil

Upper Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *list? (“leaf”).

Noun

list m

1. letter