different between civilian vs civilization

English

Etymology

From Middle English cyvylien, from Old French civilien.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s??v?lj?n/

Noun

civilian (plural civilians)

1. A person following the pursuits of civil life, especially one who is not an active member of the armed forces.

2. (informal) A person who does not belong to a particular group or engage in a particular activity.

3. One skilled in civil law.
   • 1724, Jonathan Swift, Drapier's Letters, 4

     Ancient civilians and writers upon government.

4. A student of civil law at a university or college.
   • 1788, Richard Graves, Recollection of Some Particulars in the Life of the Late William Shenstone

     although he kept his name in the college books, and changed his commoner gown to that of a civilian, yet he had now, I believe, no thoughts of proceeding to any degree; and seldom resided in college any more

Translations

Adjective

civilian (not comparable)

1. Not related to the military, police or other governmental professions.

Translations

English

Wikiquote

Alternative forms

• civilisation (UK)

Etymology

Borrowed from French civilisation.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?s?v.?.la??ze?.??n/
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): [?s?v.?.l?e?zæ?.??n]
• (US) IPA^(key): /?s?v.?.l??ze?.??n/

Noun

civilization (countable and uncountable, plural civilizations)

1. An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development.
2. (uncountable) Human society, particularly civil society.

3. The act or process of civilizing or becoming civilized.

4. The state or quality of being civilized.

5. (obsolete) The act of rendering a criminal process civil.

Synonyms

• (large-scale stage of societal development): culture, order
• (group of countries): sphere
• (act of civilizing): education, acculturation
• (preferred human society): home, the land of the living

Derived terms

Related terms

• civilize

Translations

Proper noun

civilization

1. Collectively, those people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. cf refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World

Translations

References

• civilization in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• civilization in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• civilization at OneLook Dictionary Search
• "civilization" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 57.
• civilization in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.