different between citizen vs rakyat

English

Alternative forms

• cytesin (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English citeseyn, citezein, borrowed from Anglo-Norman citesain (“burgher; city-dweller”), citezein &c., probably a variant of cithein under influence of deinzein (“denizen”), from Anglo-Norman and Old French citeain &c. and citaien, citeien &c. ("burgher"; modern French citoyen), from cité ("settlement; cathedral city, city"; modern French cité) + -ain or -ien (“-an, -ian”). See city and hewe.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?s?t?z?n/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?s?t?z?n/, /?s?t?s?n/

Noun

citizen (plural citizens)

1. A resident of a city or town, especially one with legally-recognized rights or duties. [from 14th c.]

   Synonyms: burgess, burgher, cityite, freeman

   Hyponyms: citess, (female) citizeness
2. A legally-recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role. [from 14th c.]
   • 1990, House of Cards, Season 1, Episode 4:

     Assistant: You'll meet with the managing director and Dr Sinita Brahmachari, the engineer who designed the chair.
     Peter Mackenzie: Indian, is he?
     Assistant: She is a British citizen, Minister. Born in Coventry.

   I am a Roman citizen.

   Synonyms: countryman, national

   Antonyms: alien, illegal alien, foreigner, (colloquial) illegal

   Hyponyms: first-class citizen, second-class citizen, third-class citizen, native, naturalized citizen, senior citizen

3. An inhabitant or occupant: a member of any place. [from 14th c.]
   • 1979 October, Boys' Life, p. 33:

     A jellyfish... carries poison cells that can sting other citizens of the sea.

   Synonyms: denizen, local, inhabitant, native, occupant, resident

   Antonyms: alien, outsider, stranger

4. (Christianity) A resident of the heavenly city or (later) of the kingdom of God: a Christian; a good Christian. [from 15th c.]
5. A civilian, as opposed to a police officer, soldier, or member of some other specialized (usually state) group. [from 16th c.]
6. (obsolete) An ordinary person, as opposed to nobles and landed gentry on one side and peasants, craftsmen, and laborers on the other. [17th–19th c.]
   • 1782, Frances Burney, Cecilia, III.v.6:

     [W]ould Mr. Delvile, who hardly ever spoke but to the high-born, without seeming to think his dignity somewhat injured, deign to receive for a daughter in law the child of a citizen and tradesman?

7. (now historical, usually capitalized) A term of address among French citizens during the French Revolution or towards its supporters elsewhere; (later, dated) a term of address among socialists and communists. [from 18th c.]

   Synonym: (term of address among communists) comrade

8. (computing) An object.

   Hyponyms: first-class citizen, second-class citizen, third-class citizen

Synonyms

• burgess
• burgher
• denizen
• townsman, townswoman

Antonyms

• (resident of a city): countryfolk, country gentleman, countryman, peasant, villager

Hyponyms

• (person who is legally recognized as a member or resident): first-class citizen, second-class citizen, third-class citizen

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

References

• Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "citizen, n. and adj." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2014.

Anagrams

• zincite

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay rakyat.

Noun

rakyat (plural rakyats)

1. (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia) An ordinary citizen.
2. (Malaysia) The people or citizens of a country, as a collective.

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay rakyat, from Classical Malay ra'yat (“people”), from Arabic ????????? (ra?iyya).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ra?.jat]

Noun

rakyat (first-person possessive rakyatku, second-person possessive rakyatmu, third-person possessive rakyatnya)

1. citizen, subject
2. people, populace
3. (archaic) troop

   Synonym: pasukan

4. (archaic) subordinate

   Synonyms: anak buah, bawahan

Adjective

rakyat

1. folk

Derived terms

Further reading

• “rakyat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

From Arabic ????????? (ra?iyya).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ra?.jat]

Noun

rakyat (Jawi spelling ?????, plural rakyat-rakyat, informal 1st possessive rakyatku, impolite 2nd possessive rakyatmu, 3rd possessive rakyatnya)

1. citizen, subject

Descendants

• Indonesian: rakyat
• ? English: rakyat

Further reading

• “rakyat” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.