different between citizen vs individual

English

Alternative forms

• cytesin (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English citeseyn, citezein, borrowed from Anglo-Norman citesain (“burgher; city-dweller”), citezein &c., probably a variant of cithein under influence of deinzein (“denizen”), from Anglo-Norman and Old French citeain &c. and citaien, citeien &c. ("burgher"; modern French citoyen), from cité ("settlement; cathedral city, city"; modern French cité) + -ain or -ien (“-an, -ian”). See city and hewe.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?s?t?z?n/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?s?t?z?n/, /?s?t?s?n/

Noun

citizen (plural citizens)

1. A resident of a city or town, especially one with legally-recognized rights or duties. [from 14th c.]

   Synonyms: burgess, burgher, cityite, freeman

   Hyponyms: citess, (female) citizeness
2. A legally-recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role. [from 14th c.]
   • 1990, House of Cards, Season 1, Episode 4:

     Assistant: You'll meet with the managing director and Dr Sinita Brahmachari, the engineer who designed the chair.
     Peter Mackenzie: Indian, is he?
     Assistant: She is a British citizen, Minister. Born in Coventry.

   I am a Roman citizen.

   Synonyms: countryman, national

   Antonyms: alien, illegal alien, foreigner, (colloquial) illegal

   Hyponyms: first-class citizen, second-class citizen, third-class citizen, native, naturalized citizen, senior citizen

3. An inhabitant or occupant: a member of any place. [from 14th c.]
   • 1979 October, Boys' Life, p. 33:

     A jellyfish... carries poison cells that can sting other citizens of the sea.

   Synonyms: denizen, local, inhabitant, native, occupant, resident

   Antonyms: alien, outsider, stranger

4. (Christianity) A resident of the heavenly city or (later) of the kingdom of God: a Christian; a good Christian. [from 15th c.]
5. A civilian, as opposed to a police officer, soldier, or member of some other specialized (usually state) group. [from 16th c.]
6. (obsolete) An ordinary person, as opposed to nobles and landed gentry on one side and peasants, craftsmen, and laborers on the other. [17th–19th c.]
   • 1782, Frances Burney, Cecilia, III.v.6:

     [W]ould Mr. Delvile, who hardly ever spoke but to the high-born, without seeming to think his dignity somewhat injured, deign to receive for a daughter in law the child of a citizen and tradesman?

7. (now historical, usually capitalized) A term of address among French citizens during the French Revolution or towards its supporters elsewhere; (later, dated) a term of address among socialists and communists. [from 18th c.]

   Synonym: (term of address among communists) comrade

8. (computing) An object.

   Hyponyms: first-class citizen, second-class citizen, third-class citizen

Synonyms

• burgess
• burgher
• denizen
• townsman, townswoman

Antonyms

• (resident of a city): countryfolk, country gentleman, countryman, peasant, villager

Hyponyms

• (person who is legally recognized as a member or resident): first-class citizen, second-class citizen, third-class citizen

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

References

• Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "citizen, n. and adj." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2014.

Anagrams

• zincite

English

Alternative forms

• individuall (obsolete)

Etymology

From Medieval Latin ind?vidu?lis, from Latin ind?viduum (“an indivisible thing”), neuter of ind?viduus (“indivisible, undivided”), from in + d?viduus (“divisible”), from d?vid? (“divide”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /??nd??v?d??u.?l/, /??nd??v?d??w?l/, /??nd??v?d???l/, /??nd??-/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??nd??v?d????l/, /??nd??v?d???l/, /??nd??-/
• (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /??nd??v?d???.?l/, /??nd??v?d???l/

Noun

individual (plural individuals)

1. A person considered alone, rather than as belonging to a group of people.

2. (law) A single physical human being as a legal subject, as opposed to a legal person such as a corporation.
   • 1982, Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms:

     Every individual is equal before and under the law and has the right to the equal protection and equal benefit of the law without discrimination […].

3. An object, be it a thing or an agent, as contrasted to a class.
4. (statistics) An element belonging to a population.

Translations

Adjective

individual (comparative more individual, superlative most individual)

1. Relating to a single person or thing as opposed to more than one.

2. Intended for a single person as opposed to more than one person.

3. Not divisible without losing its identity.

Synonyms

• (relating to a single person or thing): single, self-standing
• (intended for a single person or thing): personal, single

Antonyms

• (relating to a single person or thing): collective
• (intended for a single person or thing): group, joint, shared

Related terms

Translations

Further reading

• individual in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• individual in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• "individual" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 161.

Catalan

Noun

individual (masculine and feminine plural individuals)

1. individual

Derived terms

• individualisme
• individualista
• individualitzar
• individualment

Related terms

• individu
• individualitat

Further reading

• “individual” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Galician

Adjective

individual m or f (plural individuais)

1. individual

Derived terms

• individualismo
• individualista
• individualizar
• individualmente

Related terms

• individuo
• individualidade

Further reading

• “individual” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?.d??i.vi.du.?aw/

Adjective

individual m or f (plural individuais, comparable)

1. individual

Derived terms

• individualismo
• individualista
• individualmente

Further reading

• “individual” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Romanian

Etymology

From French individuel

Adjective

individual m or n (feminine singular individual?, masculine plural individuali, feminine and neuter plural individuale)

1. individual

Declension

Related terms

• individualism
• individualist
• individualitate

Spanish

Adjective

individual (plural individuales)

1. individual
2. case-by-case
3. one-on-one (e.g., relationship or bond)
4. one-man (e.g., a one-man show)
5. personal, individualized

Derived terms

• individualismo
• individualista
• individualizar
• individualmente
• persecución individual

Related terms

• individuo
• individualidad

Noun

individual m (plural individuales)

1. place mat

Further reading

• “individual” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.