different between circular vs ringwork

English

Etymology

From Middle English circuler, circuleer, circulere, borrowed from Old French circulier, from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus, diminutive of circus (“ring”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?s??k.j?.l?(?)/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?s?k.j?.l?/
• Hyphenation: cir?cu?lar

Adjective

circular (comparative more circular, superlative most circular)

1. Of or relating to a circle.
2. In the shape of, or moving in a circle.
3. Circuitous or roundabout.
4. Referring back to itself, so as to prevent computation or comprehension; infinitely recursive.

   circular reasoning

   Your dictionary defines "brave" as "courageous", and "courageous" as "brave". That's a circular definition.

   a circular formula in a spreadsheet

5. Distributed to a large number of persons.
   • 1827, Henry Hallam, The Constitutional History of England

     a proclamation of Henry III., […] doubtless circular throughout England

6. (obsolete) Perfect; complete.
   • 1632, Philip Massinger, Maid of Honour, act I, scene 2:

     A man so absolute and circular / In all those wished-for rarities that may take / A virgin captive.

7. (archaic) Adhering to a fixed circle of legends; cyclic; hence, mean; inferior.
   • February 1, 1711, John Dennis, on the Genius and Writings of Shakespeare

     Had Virgil been a circular poet, and closely adhered to history, how could the Romans have had Dido?

Hyponyms

• semicircular

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Noun

circular (plural circulars)

1. Synonym of flyer: a printed advertisement, directive, or notice intended for mass circulation.
   • 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, p. 55:

     The pigeon-hole was also stuffed with circulars and hand-bills.

2. Short for circular letter.
3. (dated) A sleeveless cloak cut from a circular pattern.
4. A shuttle bus with a circular route.

See also

• advertisement
• booklet
• brochure
• catalogue, catalog
• flier, flyer
• handbill, hand bill
• junk mail
• leaflet
• pamphlet

Verb

circular (third-person singular simple present circulars, present participle circularing, simple past and past participle circulared)

1. To distribute circulars to or at.
2. To extend in a circular direction.

Asturian

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus.

Adjective

circular (epicene, plural circulares)

1. circular

Related terms

• círculu

Verb

circular (first-person singular indicative present circulo, past participle circuláu)

1. to circle

Conjugation

Related terms

• círculu

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /si?.ku?la/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /sir.ku?la/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /si?.ku?la?/

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus.

Adjective

circular (masculine and feminine plural circulars)

1. circular

Noun

circular f (plural circulars)

1. circular

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Late Latin circulo, circulare, post-Augustan form of Latin circulor.

Verb

circular (first-person singular present circulo, past participle circulat)

1. to circulate
2. to move, to travel

Conjugation

Related terms

• cercle

Further reading

• “circular” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “circular” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “circular” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “circular” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin circularis, from Latin circulus.

Adjective

circular m or f (plural circulares)

1. (geometry) circular

Related terms

• círculo

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin circul?ris (“circular round”), from Latin circulus, corresponding to círculo +? -ar.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /si?.ku.?la?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?si?.ku.?la?/

Adjective

circular m or f (plural circulares, comparable)

1. circular; round

   Synonyms: redondo, rotundo

2. running in a loop

3. (rhetoric, lexicography) circular (referring back to itself)

4. circular (distributed to a large number of people)

Noun

circular f (plural circulares)

1. circular letter (official communication distributed to interested parties)

Noun

circular m (plural circulares)

1. circular (shuttle bus that runs in a loop)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin circul?, circul?re (“I make round”), post-Augustan form of Latin circulor.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /si?.ku.?la?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?si?.ku.?la(?)/

Verb

circular (first-person singular present indicative circulo, past participle circulado)

1. (transitive) to circle (to place a circle around)

   Synonym: circundar

2. (intransitive) to circle (to move around an axis)

   Synonyms: girar, rodar

3. (intransitive) to circulate (to move through a circuit)

4. (intransitive) to flow freely

5. (intransitive, or transitive with por) to move about; to walk around

6. (transitive) to circulate; to disseminate; to spread

7. (intransitive) to circulate; to be disseminated; to be spread; to go around
   1. (economics) to circulate (to be valid as currency)

   2. (media) to circulate (to be published and distributed)

8. first-person singular (eu) personal infinitive of circular
9. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) personal infinitive of circular
10. first-person singular (eu) future subjunctive of circular
11. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) future subjunctive of circular

Conjugation

Romanian

Etymology

From French circulaire

Adjective

circular m or n (feminine singular circular?, masculine plural circulari, feminine and neuter plural circulare)

1. circular

Declension

Spanish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Late Latin circul?ris, from Latin circulus.

Adjective

circular (plural circulares)

1. circular

Noun

circular f (plural circulares)

1. circular (advertisement)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Late Latin circul?re, present active infinitive of circul?, post-Augustan form of Latin circulor. Doublet of the inherited cerchar.

Verb

circular (first-person singular present circulo, first-person singular preterite circulé, past participle circulado)

1. to circulate
2. to go round, move around
3. to scram, clear off

Conjugation

Related terms

• círculo

References

English

Etymology

ring +? work

Noun

ringwork (plural ringworks)

1. A fortified defensive structure, usually circular or oval in shape, essentially a motte-and-bailey castle minus the motte.