different between chef vs chief
chef
English
Etymology
Borrowed from French chef (from the positions of chef d'office and chef de cuisine), from Old French chief (“head, leader”) (English chief), from Vulgar Latin capus (“head”) (from which also captain, chieftain), from Latin caput (“head”) (English cap (“head covering”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kauput- (English head).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??f/
- Rhymes: -?f
Noun
chef (plural chefs)
- The presiding cook in the kitchen of a large household.
- <1845, R. H. Barham, Blasphemer's Warning in Ingoldsby Legends (1847), 3rd Ser., 245
- The Chef's peace of mind was restor'd, And in due time a banquet was placed on the board.
- <1845, R. H. Barham, Blasphemer's Warning in Ingoldsby Legends (1847), 3rd Ser., 245
- The head cook of a restaurant or other establishment.
- 1849, Thackeray, Pendennis (1850), I. xxviii. 266
- The angry little chef of Sir Francis Clavering's culinary establishment.
- 1849, Thackeray, Pendennis (1850), I. xxviii. 266
- Any cook.
- Kiss the chef. (slogan on aprons used by home barbecue enthusiasts)
- (slang) One who manufactures illegal drugs; a cook.
- 1998, SPIN (volume 14, number 3, page 100)
- But trying to stop all the nation's meth chefs makes as much sense as building a wall along the Mexican border.
- 2013, Mike Power, Drugs 2.0
- Owsley Stanley, the world's most exacting and prolific LSD chef who supplied the majority of America's West Coast with LSD in the 1960s, claimed he made so much acid not because he wanted to change the world, but rather because it was almost impossible not to make vast quantities of the drug once the synthesis had been embarked upon.
- 1998, SPIN (volume 14, number 3, page 100)
- (historical) A reliquary in the shape of a head.
Usage notes
When used in reference to a cook with no sous-chefs or other workers beneath him, the term connotes a certain degree of prestige—whether culinary education or ability—distinguishing the chef from a “cook”. As a borrowing, chef was originally italicized, but such treatment is now obsolete.Within a catering establishment, the head cook (and no-one else) will normally be addressed simply as "chef" as a term of respect.
Derived terms
- chefly
Hypernyms
- (cook): cook
Synonyms
- (cook, particularly a learned or skilful one): magirist, magirologist (obs.)
Translations
Verb
chef (third-person singular simple present chefs, present participle cheffing, simple past and past participle cheffed)
- (informal) To work as a chef; to prepare and cook food professionally.
- 1996, Sonora Review (issue 31, page 110)
- I cheffed part-time at a nice restaurant in town.
- 1996, Sonora Review (issue 31, page 110)
- (MLE, transitive) To stab with a knife, to shank.
References
Danish
Etymology
Borrowed from French chef.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?????f]
Noun
chef c (singular definite chefen, plural indefinite chefer)
- A boss; person in charge, person who directly oversees the work being done
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowed from French chef.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??f/
- Hyphenation: chef
- Rhymes: -?f
Noun
chef m (plural chefs, diminutive chefje n, feminine cheffin)
- A boss, chief, head, leader.
- Synonym: baas
- A culinary chef, a head cook.
- Synonym: chef-kok
- Short for a title including chef.
Derived terms
- chef-kok
- sergeant-chef
- stationschef
Descendants
- ? Indonesian: sep
French
Etymology
From Middle French chief, from Old French chief, from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput (“head”), from Proto-Italic *kaput, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kauput-, *kaput-. Doublet of cap.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??f/
- Rhymes: -?f
- Homophones: cheffe, cheffes, chefs
Noun
chef m (plural chefs)
- (now literary) head
- article, principal point.
- Les principaux chefs d’une demande.
- The main points of a request.
- principal motive, charge, count of indictment
- Le procureur a tenu à refaire une lecture des chefs d’accusation.
- The prosecutor insisted on reading off the counts of indictment again.
- (heraldry) chief; top third of a coat of arms
Derived terms
Noun
chef m (plural chefs, feminine cheffe)
- A boss, chief, leader.
- A culinary chef, chief cook
Derived terms
Descendants
Further reading
- “chef” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Italian
Alternative forms
- scef (uncommon)
Etymology
Unadapted borrowing from French chef (“head; chief”), from Middle French chief, from Old French chief, from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput (“head”), from Proto-Italic *kaput, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *káput.
Doublet of capo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /???f/
Noun
chef m (invariable)
- (cooking) chef (head cook)
- Synonym: capocuoco
- (by extension) A sophisticated cook.
Related terms
- sous-chef
References
- chef in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old French chief, from Latin caput.
Alternative forms
- cheef, cheefe, chefe, chief, chif, chife, chyeef, chyff
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t?e?f/
Noun
chef (uncountable)
- A leader, boss, or director; a chief official; one in charge.
- A authority or source of power; something which controls.
- The main, important or foundational part of something.
- The upper or topmost portion of something.
- (heraldry) The heraldic chief.
Related terms
- bonchef
- chefly
- cheveteyn
- myschef
Descendants
- English: chief
- Scots: chief
References
- “ch??f, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-12.
Adjective
chef (plural and weak singular cheve, comparative chever, superlative chevest)
- Chief, head, top-ranking, executive; being in ultimate control.
- Principal, foremost, predominant, primary; having the greatest importance.
- High-quality, outstanding, notable, worthy; deserving recognition.
- (rare) Infamous; grave.
Descendants
- English: chief
- Scots: chief
References
- “ch??f, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-12.
Adverb
chef
- (rare) Principally, (the) most.
References
- “ch??fe, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-12.
Etymology 2
Noun
chef
- Alternative form of chaf
Norman
Etymology
From Old French chief, chef, from Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput (“head”), from Proto-Indo-European *kauput-, *kaput-.
Noun
chef m (plural chefs)
- (Jersey) chief
Derived terms
- chef dé deu (“chief mourner”)
- chef dé musique (“conductor”)
Old French
Noun
chef m (oblique plural ches, nominative singular ches, nominative plural chef)
- Alternative form of chief
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from French chef. Doublet of chefe, cabo, and caput
Noun
chef m, f (plural chefs)
- chef (the head cook of an establishment such as a restaurant)
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from Turkish kef, keyif.
Noun
chef n (plural chefuri)
- (good) disposition, mood
- A nu avea chef de ceva.
- To not feel like/be in the mood for something.
- A nu avea chef de ceva.
- desire, wish
- (figuratively) appetite
- whim, caprice
- shindig, blowout,
- revelry, binge; by extension, drunkenness
See also
- (disposition) dispozi?ie
- (wish): dorin??
- (appetite): poft?
- (caprice): capriciu, dambla
- (shindig): petrecere, zaiafet
- (drunkenness): be?ie
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from French chef. Doublet of jefe.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?t??ef/, [?t??ef]
Noun
chef m or f (plural chefs)
- a chef, head cook
Related terms
- jefe
- cabeza
Swedish
Etymology
Borrowed from French chef.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?e?f/, /???f/
Noun
chef c
- A boss; person in charge, person who directly oversees the work being done
Declension
Derived terms
- avdelningschef
- försäljningschef
- mellanchef
chef From the web:
- what chefs want
- what chef died
- what chef died recently
- what chef knife should i buy
chief
English
Etymology
From Middle English chef, borrowed from Old French chief (“leader”), from Vulgar Latin capus (from which also captain, chieftain), from Latin caput (“head”) (English cap (“head covering”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kauput- (English head).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /t?i?f/
- Rhymes: -i?f
Noun
chief (plural chiefs)
- A leader or head of a group of people, organisation, etc. [from 13th c.]
- 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus 2010, p. 4:
- My father, Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa, was a chief by both blood and custom.
- All firefighters report to the fire chief.
- 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus 2010, p. 4:
- (heraldry) The top part of a shield or escutcheon; more specifically, an ordinary consisting of the upper part of the field cut off by a horizontal line, generally occupying the top third. [from 15th c.]
- 1889, Charles Norton Elvin, A Dictionary of Heraldry:
- When the Chief is Charged with any figure, in blazon it is said to be "On a Chief".
- 1889, Charles Norton Elvin, A Dictionary of Heraldry:
- The principal part or top of anything.
- An informal term of address, sometimes ironic.
- Hey, chief.
Synonyms
- chieftain
- chiefess (female chief)
- See also Thesaurus:boss
Derived terms
Pages starting with “chief”.
Related terms
- captain
- chef
- chieftain
Descendants
- ? Japanese: ??? (ch?fu)
- ? Swahili: chifu
Translations
Adjective
chief (comparative chiefer or more chief, superlative chiefest or most chief)
- Primary; principal.
- (Scotland) Intimate, friendly.
- 2006, James Robertson: The Testament of Gideon Mack, p 324:
- 'You’re doing it because she was your friend, not because she was a parishioner, and certainly not because of the Declaratory Articles,' Macmurray said, pushing himself forward on his seat. 'Everybody knows how chief you and she were. It was an unfitting relationship for a minister while she was alive, and it is equally unfitting for you to do her a favour like this now she's dead.'
- 2006, James Robertson: The Testament of Gideon Mack, p 324:
Translations
Verb
chief (third-person singular simple present chiefs, present participle chiefing, simple past and past participle chiefed)
- (US, slang) To smoke cannabis.
- 2012, Marquis "Cream" Cureton, When the Smoke Clears (page 268)
- He chiefed on the bud like a pro, taking long deep hits and holding it within until he had inhaled as much of the weed smoke as he could.
- 2012, Marquis "Cream" Cureton, When the Smoke Clears (page 268)
See also
- chef
Anagrams
- cheif, fiche, fiché
Middle English
Noun
chief
- Alternative form of chef
Adjective
chief
- Alternative form of chef
Middle French
Etymology
From Old French chief.
Noun
chief m (plural chiefs)
- head
Descendants
- French: chef (see there for further descendants)
Old French
Alternative forms
- cap (La Vie de Saint Léger, circa 980)
- chef, cief
Etymology
First known attestation 881 in The Sequence of Saint Eulalia. From Vulgar Latin capus, from Latin caput.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?t?je?f/
Noun
chief m (oblique plural chiés, nominative singular chiés, nominative plural chief)
- (anatomy) head
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- Le chief li desarme et la face.
- He exposed his head and his face.
- Le chief li desarme et la face.
- circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide:
- leader, chief
- front (foremost side of something)
Descendants
- Middle French: chief
- French: chef (see there for further descendants)
- Norman: chef
- ? Middle English: chef
- English: chief
- Scots: chief
- ? Old Spanish: xefe
- Spanish: jefe, gefe
- ? English: jefe
- ? Cebuano: hepe
- ? Asturian: xefe
- ? Galician: xefe
- ? Portuguese: chefe
- Spanish: jefe, gefe
chief From the web:
- what chiefs
- what chiefs players are injured
- what chiefly determines the polarity of a bond
- what chiefs game
- what chief of staff do
- what chief is the president
- what chiefs game live
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